Introduction to Power Electronics and Drives
Edition: 1
Copyright: 2019
Pages: 272
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Over the years, power electronics has grown to an enormous area with huge activities and interests in terms of studies, research and applications. Power electronics devices and converters are now used from switching power supplies to dc transmission lines to electric vehicles. Power electronics is taught at many engineering schools at the undergraduate as well as at the graduate level. There are plenty of excellent textbooks available on the subject. However, there is a distinct shortage of textbooks on power electronics that can be used as a first course on power electronics.
Introduction to Power Electronics and Drives fills that void. This textbook is written to introduce the subject matter of power electronics and drives to undergraduate students in electrical engineering as a first course. The concepts have been discussed using the fundamentals of circuit analysis and electronics. Examples have been provided to assist students understand the concepts. The topics included in this book can be covered in a one semester undergraduate course. The readers are expected to have covered basic circuit theory, basic electronics and electrical machines before taking this course.
Chapter 1 presents voltage and current analyses in first and second order circuits with switching actions. These analyses became the building blocks for analyses of rectifiers and inverters presented in later chapters. Students who have already taken circuit analysis in their previous years may skip this Chapter. However, most students would be benefitted by reviewing this Chapter.
Chapter 2 presents the physics and voltage-current characteristics of power electronic devices. Although in many applications power electronic devices can be considered as ideal to simplify the analyses, this chapter will provide students with the appreciation for power dissipation in these devices, an important consideration in power electronic design.
The working principles, analyses, techniques and concepts related to three-phase rectifiers, dc-to-dc and dc-to-ac converters and drives have been developed in this textbook (Chapters 3-10) in a gradual step by step manner keeping the ability and the skill sets of typical undergraduate students in mind. Design considerations presented in Chapter 11 have been developed in response to the design requirement of the accreditation bodies.
Materials presented in Chapters 3 to 11 can form the core of the first course on power electronics.
CHAPTER 1 CIRCUITS WITH SWITCHES
1.1 Resistive load circuit
1.2 RC load circuit
1.3 RL load circuit
1.4 RL load circuit with a free-wheeling diode
1.5 A pure inductive load circuit
1.6 An RLC circuit
1.6.1 An RLC circuit with a DC source
1.6.2 An RLC circuit with an AC source
CHAPTER 2 POWER SEMICONDUCTOR SWITCHES
2.1 Diodes
2.2 Thyristors (SCRs)
2.3 Bipolar junction transistors (BJT)
2.4 Metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs)
2.5 Gate turn-off thyristors (GTOs)
2.6 Insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs)
2.7 MOS-controlled thyristors
2.8 Losses in semiconductor devices
CHAPTER 3 HALF-WAVE UNCONTROLLED RECTIFIERS
3.1 Half-wave rectifier with a pure resistive load
3.2 Half-wave rectifier with an inductive load
3.3 Inductive load with a free-wheeling diode
3.4 Half-wave rectifier with a capacitive load
CHAPTER 4 CONTROLLED HALF-WAVE RECTIFIERS
4.1 Half-wave rectifiers with pure resistive load
4.2 Half-wave rectifiers with RL load
4.3 Half-wave rectifiers with purely inductive load
4.4 EMF source in the load
4.4.1 Half-wave rectifiers with RL and an EMF source
4.4.2 A Half-wave rectifier with an emf source and a free-wheeling diode
CHAPTER 5 COMMUTATION
5.1 Line commutation
5.2 Load commutation
5.3 Forced commutation
5.3.1 Commutation by an L-C circuit
5.3.2 Complementary commutation
5.3.3 Commutation by an auxiliary thyristor
5.3.3 Commutation in a resonant pulsed chopper circuit
CHAPTER 6 SINGLE-PHASE FULL-WAVE RECTIFIERS
6.1 Rectifier Configurations
6.2 Current in a single-phase full-wave rectifier
6.3 Alternate approach for continuous current case
CHAPTER 7 THREE-PHASE RECTIFIERS
7.1 Three-phase half-wave rectifiers
7.2 Three-phase full-wave rectifiers
7.3 Effect of ac-side inductance on current commutation
CHAPTER 8 DC-to-DC CONVERTERS
8.1 Step-down single-quadrant choppers
8.2 Analysis of a single-quadrant chopper circuit
8.2.1 Continuous current case
8.2.2 Discontinuous current case
8.2.3 Fourier analysis of the output voltage
8.3 First- and second-quadrant choppers
8.4 Four- quadrant choppers
8.5 Boost choppers
8.6 Buck-boost chopper
CHAPTER 9 DC-to-AC CONVERTERS
9.1 Single-phase half-bridge voltage source inverters
9.2 Single-phase full-bridge voltage source inverters
9.3 Three-phase voltage source inverters
9.4 Pulse width modulation techniques for voltage source inverters
9.5 Current source inverters
9.5.1 Single-phase current source inverters
9.5.2 Three-phase current source inverters
9.5.3 Advantages and disadvantages of current source inverters
CHAPTER 10 MOTOR DRIVES
10.1 DC motor drives
10.2 Speed control by separately excited dc motors
10.3 Operation of a hoist
10.4 Constant torque and constant power operation
10.5 Performance of 3-phase induction motors
10.5.1 Slip
10.5.2 Rotor frequency
10.5.3 Rotor voltage
10.5.4 Equivalent circuit of a rotor
10.5.5 Analysis of the equivalent circuit
10.5.6 Torque and power by using Thevenin’s theorem
10.6 Speed control of 3-phase induction motors
10.6.1 Variable terminal voltage control
10.6.2 Variable frequency control
CHAPTER 11 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
11.1 Heat transfer
11.1.1 Transient thermal impedance
11.2 Temperature control
11.2.1 Natural air-cooling
11.2.2 Forced air-cooling
11.2.3 Liquid cooling
11.2.4 Heat sinks
11.3 Overcurrent protection
11.4 Overvoltage protection
11.5 Blanking times
11.6 Minimizing stray inductances
11.7 EMI shielding
11.8 Snubber circuits
11.8.1 RC Snubber Circuits
11.8.2 Diode snubbers
11.8.3 BJT snubbers
11.8.4 Snubbers for power MOSFETS
11.8.5 Snubbers for thyristors
11.8.6 Snubbers for gate-turn-off thyristors
11.8.7 Snubbers for IGBTs
INDEX
Over the years, power electronics has grown to an enormous area with huge activities and interests in terms of studies, research and applications. Power electronics devices and converters are now used from switching power supplies to dc transmission lines to electric vehicles. Power electronics is taught at many engineering schools at the undergraduate as well as at the graduate level. There are plenty of excellent textbooks available on the subject. However, there is a distinct shortage of textbooks on power electronics that can be used as a first course on power electronics.
Introduction to Power Electronics and Drives fills that void. This textbook is written to introduce the subject matter of power electronics and drives to undergraduate students in electrical engineering as a first course. The concepts have been discussed using the fundamentals of circuit analysis and electronics. Examples have been provided to assist students understand the concepts. The topics included in this book can be covered in a one semester undergraduate course. The readers are expected to have covered basic circuit theory, basic electronics and electrical machines before taking this course.
Chapter 1 presents voltage and current analyses in first and second order circuits with switching actions. These analyses became the building blocks for analyses of rectifiers and inverters presented in later chapters. Students who have already taken circuit analysis in their previous years may skip this Chapter. However, most students would be benefitted by reviewing this Chapter.
Chapter 2 presents the physics and voltage-current characteristics of power electronic devices. Although in many applications power electronic devices can be considered as ideal to simplify the analyses, this chapter will provide students with the appreciation for power dissipation in these devices, an important consideration in power electronic design.
The working principles, analyses, techniques and concepts related to three-phase rectifiers, dc-to-dc and dc-to-ac converters and drives have been developed in this textbook (Chapters 3-10) in a gradual step by step manner keeping the ability and the skill sets of typical undergraduate students in mind. Design considerations presented in Chapter 11 have been developed in response to the design requirement of the accreditation bodies.
Materials presented in Chapters 3 to 11 can form the core of the first course on power electronics.
CHAPTER 1 CIRCUITS WITH SWITCHES
1.1 Resistive load circuit
1.2 RC load circuit
1.3 RL load circuit
1.4 RL load circuit with a free-wheeling diode
1.5 A pure inductive load circuit
1.6 An RLC circuit
1.6.1 An RLC circuit with a DC source
1.6.2 An RLC circuit with an AC source
CHAPTER 2 POWER SEMICONDUCTOR SWITCHES
2.1 Diodes
2.2 Thyristors (SCRs)
2.3 Bipolar junction transistors (BJT)
2.4 Metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs)
2.5 Gate turn-off thyristors (GTOs)
2.6 Insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs)
2.7 MOS-controlled thyristors
2.8 Losses in semiconductor devices
CHAPTER 3 HALF-WAVE UNCONTROLLED RECTIFIERS
3.1 Half-wave rectifier with a pure resistive load
3.2 Half-wave rectifier with an inductive load
3.3 Inductive load with a free-wheeling diode
3.4 Half-wave rectifier with a capacitive load
CHAPTER 4 CONTROLLED HALF-WAVE RECTIFIERS
4.1 Half-wave rectifiers with pure resistive load
4.2 Half-wave rectifiers with RL load
4.3 Half-wave rectifiers with purely inductive load
4.4 EMF source in the load
4.4.1 Half-wave rectifiers with RL and an EMF source
4.4.2 A Half-wave rectifier with an emf source and a free-wheeling diode
CHAPTER 5 COMMUTATION
5.1 Line commutation
5.2 Load commutation
5.3 Forced commutation
5.3.1 Commutation by an L-C circuit
5.3.2 Complementary commutation
5.3.3 Commutation by an auxiliary thyristor
5.3.3 Commutation in a resonant pulsed chopper circuit
CHAPTER 6 SINGLE-PHASE FULL-WAVE RECTIFIERS
6.1 Rectifier Configurations
6.2 Current in a single-phase full-wave rectifier
6.3 Alternate approach for continuous current case
CHAPTER 7 THREE-PHASE RECTIFIERS
7.1 Three-phase half-wave rectifiers
7.2 Three-phase full-wave rectifiers
7.3 Effect of ac-side inductance on current commutation
CHAPTER 8 DC-to-DC CONVERTERS
8.1 Step-down single-quadrant choppers
8.2 Analysis of a single-quadrant chopper circuit
8.2.1 Continuous current case
8.2.2 Discontinuous current case
8.2.3 Fourier analysis of the output voltage
8.3 First- and second-quadrant choppers
8.4 Four- quadrant choppers
8.5 Boost choppers
8.6 Buck-boost chopper
CHAPTER 9 DC-to-AC CONVERTERS
9.1 Single-phase half-bridge voltage source inverters
9.2 Single-phase full-bridge voltage source inverters
9.3 Three-phase voltage source inverters
9.4 Pulse width modulation techniques for voltage source inverters
9.5 Current source inverters
9.5.1 Single-phase current source inverters
9.5.2 Three-phase current source inverters
9.5.3 Advantages and disadvantages of current source inverters
CHAPTER 10 MOTOR DRIVES
10.1 DC motor drives
10.2 Speed control by separately excited dc motors
10.3 Operation of a hoist
10.4 Constant torque and constant power operation
10.5 Performance of 3-phase induction motors
10.5.1 Slip
10.5.2 Rotor frequency
10.5.3 Rotor voltage
10.5.4 Equivalent circuit of a rotor
10.5.5 Analysis of the equivalent circuit
10.5.6 Torque and power by using Thevenin’s theorem
10.6 Speed control of 3-phase induction motors
10.6.1 Variable terminal voltage control
10.6.2 Variable frequency control
CHAPTER 11 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
11.1 Heat transfer
11.1.1 Transient thermal impedance
11.2 Temperature control
11.2.1 Natural air-cooling
11.2.2 Forced air-cooling
11.2.3 Liquid cooling
11.2.4 Heat sinks
11.3 Overcurrent protection
11.4 Overvoltage protection
11.5 Blanking times
11.6 Minimizing stray inductances
11.7 EMI shielding
11.8 Snubber circuits
11.8.1 RC Snubber Circuits
11.8.2 Diode snubbers
11.8.3 BJT snubbers
11.8.4 Snubbers for power MOSFETS
11.8.5 Snubbers for thyristors
11.8.6 Snubbers for gate-turn-off thyristors
11.8.7 Snubbers for IGBTs
INDEX