101 Case Studies for Anatomy and Physiology
Edition: 2
Copyright: 2022
Pages: 242
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The purpose of this compendium of case studies is to provide both instructors and students the opportunity to utilize case studies in furthering that medical knowledge and instruction. For instructors, these case studies provide a useful tool, especially when new to teaching anatomy and physiology. Utilizing active learning is one of the best proven ways for students to learn, allowing them to further investigate a concept to enhance understanding, application of knowledge, and then begin developing the skills required for diagnostics. To guide students through the main topics of Anatomy and Physiology, the case studies are firstly organized on the basis of the order that systems are presented in most textbooks. This enables case studies to be easily extracted for use when discussing a particular system, or aspect. Case studies can be used for other systems as it is know that all systems work in concert and not in isolation, so while a case study may be used in one context, questions are provided that also allow cases to be used with different emphases. The questions that accompany each clinical scenario follow the same format, and allow the case scenario to be used to introduce, reinforce, and explore content and concepts. In this compendium, the questions are based on three primary outcomes: (1) Conceptualization, (2) Analyze and Apply, and (3) Diagnose. Students have the opportunity to use content that has been introduced to them in the class setting but also explore by researching the topic to gain further understanding of management, prescription, and complexities of the clinical scenarios. Each case has been fully researched to ensure that the information is clinically accurate and the management of patients is realistic to current guidelines.
Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Author
CHAPTER 1: GENERAL MEDICINE
1. Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
2. histopathology
3. Misalignment of Sample / Biopsy
CHAPTER 2: THE INTEGUMENT
4. Alopecia
5. Burns
6. Compartment Syndrome
7. Scleroderma
8. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
9. Skin Cancer–Malignant Melanoma
10. Wound Healing
11. Wound Healing 2
CHAPTER 3: THE SKELETON–BONE
12. Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva
13. Fractures no Complications
14. Fracture wt Complications (osteomyelitis)
15. Fracture wt complications (fat emboli)
16. Osteomalacia
17. Osteogenesis imperfecta
18. Osteoporosis
19. Pagets
20. Scoliosis
CHAPTER 4: THE SKELETON–JOINTS
21. Ankylosing Spondylitis
22. Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear
23. Craniosynostosis
24. Osteoarthritis
25. Pectus Excavatum
26. Rheumatoid Arthritis
CHAPTER 5: THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM—MUSCULAR AND
NEUROMUSCULAR DISORDERS
Muscular
27. Malignant Hyperthermia
28. Muscular Dystrophy
29. Myasthenia Gravis
30. Rhabomyolysis and Myoglobinuria
Neuromuscular
31. Amylotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
32. Multiple Sclerosis
33. Spinal Muscular Atrophy
CHAPTER 6: THE CENTRAL, PERIPHERAL, AND AUTONOMIC
NERVOUS SYSTEMS
34. Alzheimer’s Disease
35. Concussive Injury/PCS
36. Epidural Hematoma
37. Huntingtons Disease
38. Meningitis
39. Neurocardiogenic Syncope
40. Parkinson’s
41. Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome
42. Spinal Cord Injury (1)
43. Spinal Cord Injury (2)
44. Stroke
CHAPTER 7: THE SPECIAL SENSES
45. Acute Angle Glaucoma
46. Fibromyalgia
47. Meniere’s
48. Otitis Media
49. Retinal Detachment
CHAPTER 8: THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM
50. Acromegaly
51. Addison’s
52. Cushing’s
53. Graves Disease
54. Growth Hormone Deficiency
55. Hashimotos
56. Secondary Hypergonadotrophic Hypergonadism/Delayed onset Puberty
57. Type I DM
58. Type II DM
CHAPTER 9: THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM–BLOOD
59. Deep Vein Thrombosis
60. Hemochromatosis
61. Iron Deficient Anemia
62. Leukemia AML
63. Leukemia CLL
64. Polycythemia vera
65. Porphyria
66. Sickle Cell Trait
67. Vit K Deficiency
CHAPTER 10: THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM–THE HEART
68. Acute Bacterial Pericarditis
69. Atrial Septal Defect (secundum)
70. Myocardial Infarction–Female
71. Rheumatic fever / Valvular stenosis
72. Sick Sinus Syndrome
73. Transient NSTEMI
CHAPTER 11: THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM–BLOOD VESSELS
74. Cerebral Aneurysm
75. Hypovolemic Shock
76. Occlusive Peripheral Arterial Disease
77. Portal Hypertension
78. Thromboangiitis Oliterans (Buergers Disease)
CHAPTER 12: THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
79. Hodgkins Lymphoma
80. Lymphangitis
vi Table of Contents
81. Lymphedema
82. Non-hodgkins Lymphoma
CHAPTER 13: THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
83. Anaphylaxis
84. Leptospirosis
85. Multi inflammatory Syndrome–Children (MIS-C)
86. PANDAS
87. Splenectomy
CHAPTER 14: THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
88. Carbon Monoxide Poisoning
89. COPD
90. Bacterial Pneumonia with Emphysema
91. Pneumonia with Pleural Effusion/Empyema
92. Pulmonary Sarcoidosis
93. Tension Pneumothorax
CHAPTER 15: THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
94. Acute Pancreatitis
95. Appendicitis
96. Celiac
97. Crohns
98. Obstructive Jaundice
CHAPTER 16: THE URINARY SYSTEM
99. Acute Kidney Injury (AIN)—NSAIDS
100. Acute kidney stones–Oxacelate Crystals
101. Bladder stones
102. Chronic Kidney Disease–Dialysis
103. UTI
CHAPTER 17: NUTRITION AND HOMEOSTASIS
104. Diabetes Insipidus
105. Heat Stroke
106. Kwashiorkor (malnutrition)
107. Marasmus (malnutrition)
108. Water Intoxication
CHAPTER 18: THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS
109. Endometriosis
110. Enlarged prostate
111. Fibroids
112. Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
113. Testicular Torsion
CHAPTER 19: HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
114. Cerebral palsy
115. Chorioamnionitis
116. Twin-Twin Transfusion syndrome
117. Gestational diabetes
118. Pre-eclampsia
119. Spina bifida
120. Gastroschisis
APPENDIX
Charlotte Russell was trained in England, first receiving her Baccalaureate in Medical Sciences from the University of Birmingham. She then went on to receive her PhD in Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine from the University of Manchester. Prior to emigrating to the United States, she completed her post-doc-toral fellowship in the Department of Cardiovascular Biology at Kings College London under the tutelage of Professor Jeremy Pearson, MBE. On moving to the US, Dr Russell has been teaching at Simmons University (formerly Simmons College) in the Biology department since 2006, teaching primarily Anatomy and Physiology to those going into clinical medicine professions, most notably under-graduates in the Nursing program. Additionally, Dr Russell has taught at Harvard Medical School as an adjunct instructor for Gross Anatomy and Histology for the medical and dental students. From her training, Dr Russell has broad knowledge in all areas of Human Biology, though her loves and scholarly interests are more in Cardiovascular Biology, Endocrinology, and Reproductive Biology.
Dr Russell has been using clinical case studies from the very beginning to enhance student learning; helping students to develop their conceptual understanding and diagnostic skills. This compilation of case studies has come about through bringing together all the cases she has developed throughout her teaching career, and others that she has written specifically for this publication to expand on the options available to other educators. When starting out in teaching, Dr Russell found having access to existing case studies invaluable and so hopes that this book will do the same for other educators starting out teaching in the medical sciences.