Applied Anatomy for Exercise Science
Edition: 2
Copyright: 2023
Edition: 2
Copyright: 2023
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This textbook is intended for students taking the Applied Anatomy course in the Exercise Science Program at Slippery Rock University. This book is designed to help students develop foundational knowledge in anatomy and physiology. The foundation built through this course and textbook will be expanded on as students matriculate through the SRU Exercise Science Program. This textbook is not designed to be an inclusive anatomy and physiology resource, but rather a resource for students to utilize during their first year. Students can use this resource to develop an academic mindset while exploring anatomy and physiology concepts.
This textbook is divided into two parts: lecture content and a laboratory manual. The lecture content is organized into three sections: (1) Introduction to Applied Anatomy, (2) Musculoskeletal System, and (3) Cardiorespiratory System. The first section contains four chapters designed to prepare students for lecture and lab sessions by introducing essential concepts of anatomy and physiology. Sections two and three are divided into chapters which include the structure and function of the skeletal, muscular, nervous, cardiac, and respiratory systems. Each chapter includes relevant content followed by an outline for note taking and worksheets to gauge understanding of essential concepts. The laboratory manual is divided into seven labs and includes resources for students to learn selected bony landmarks and the action, origin, and insertion of 60+ muscles. The lab manual also includes worksheets and illustrations to help students gain a deeper understanding fo the muscles and bones included in the course.
A unique aspect of this textbook is that it is specifically designed with first-year, exercise science majors in mind. It is designed to meet the very specific needs of the Applied Anatomy course at SRU. Through a strategic curricular approach, all content in this textbook was selected to meet the pre-requisite knowledge for subsequent courses in the Exercise Science Program. Feedback from many years of teaching this course, along with research into effective pedagogy and critical thinking thoery, guided the development of this textbook.
Preface
Section 1 Introduction to Applied Anatomy
Chapter 1 Language of Anatomy
Definitions of Anatomy and Physiology
Relationship between Structure and Function
Anatomical Position
Orientation and Directional Terms
Regional Terms
Characteristics for Naming Muscles
Bone Markings
Chapter 1 Recall
Endnotes
Chapter 1 Class Notes
Chapter 1 Homework
Chapter 2 Foundational Concepts for Lab
Movements of the Body
Joint Movements
Describing Movements of the Body
Plane of Motion
Axis of Rotation
Combining Plane of Motion and Axis of Rotation
Muscle Origin, Insertion, and Action
The Line of Pull Concept
Chapter 2 Recall
Endnotes
Chapter 2 Class Notes
Chapter 2 Homework
Chapter 3 Organization of the Body
Levels of Organization
Tissues of the Body
Epithelial Tissue
Connective Tissue
Muscle Tissue
Nervous Tissue
Body Cavities
Serous Membranes of the Ventral Cavity
Serous Membranes and Body Cavities
Systems of the Body
The Integumentary System or Our Skin
The Skeletal System
The Muscular System
The Lymphatic System
The Respiratory System
Digestive or Gastrointestinal System
The Nervous System
Endocrine System
The Cardiovascular System
The Renal or Urinary System
Male and Female Reproductive System
Chapter 3 Recall
Endnotes
Chapter 3 Class Notes
Chapter 3 Homework
Chapter 4 Communication within the Body
Functions of the Nervous System
Sensory Function
Integrative Processing
Motor Stimulation
Nervous System Divisions
Anatomical Divisions
Functional Divisions
Structure of the Nervous System
Neuron Structure
Types of Neurons
Synapse
The Nerve Impulse
Cell Membrane Potential
Resting Potential
Depolarization: Sodium Gates
Repolarization: Potassium Gates
Transmission of the Action Potential
Myelinated versus Unmyelinated Axon Conduction
Spinal Reflexes
Chapter 4 Recall
Endnotes
Chapter 4 Class Notes
Chapter 4 Homework
Section 2 Musculoskeletal System
Chapter 5 Skeletal System
Functions of the Skeletal System
Cartilage
Fibrocartilage
Elastic Cartilage
Hyaline Cartilage
Bone
Structure of Spongy and Compact Bone
Bone Shapes
Structure of Long Bone
The Bony Matrix and Bone Cells
Major Cell Types
Bone Remodeling
Chapter 5 Recall
Endnotes
Chapter 5 Class Notes
Chapter 5 Homework
Chapter 6 Joints
Structural Classification of Joints
The Vertebral Column—Structure and Function
Synovial Joint Characteristics
Types of Synovial Joints
Chapter 6 Recall
Endnotes
Chapter 6 Class Notes
Chapter 6 Homework
Chapter 7 Skeletal Muscle
Connective Tissue Coverings of Skeletal Muscle
Structure of a Skeletal Muscle Fiber
Myofibrils
Sarcomeres and the Sliding Filament Model
The Muscle Contraction
Neuromuscular Junctions
Excitation–Contraction Coupling
Cross-Bridge Cycling
Additional Skeletal Muscle Concepts
Muscle Tone
Types of Muscle Contraction
Muscle Roles—Coordination of Movement
Muscle Fiber Types
Chapter 7 Recall
Endnotes
Chapter 7 Class Notes
Chapter 7 Homework
Section 3 Cardiorespiratory System
Chapter 8 Cardiac System
Characteristics and Location of the Heart
Pericardium
Layers of the Heart Wall
Surface Anatomy of the Heart
Heart Chambers
Heart Valves
Blood Flow
Coronary Circulation
Cardiac Conduction System
Electrocardiogram
Cardiac Cycle
Regulation of Heart Function
Chapter 8 Recall
Endnotes
Chapter 8 Class Notes
Chapter 8 Homework
Chapter 9 Vascular System
Structure of the Cardiovascular System
Pulmonary Circulation
Systemic Circulation
Types of Blood Vessels
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
Blood Vessel Structure
Comparison: Artery vs. Vein
Blood Pressure
Pulse
Chapter 9 Recall
Endnotes
Chapter 9 Class Notes
Chapter 9 Homework
Chapter 10 Respiratory System
Respiration
Organization of the Respiratory System
Functional Anatomy of the Respiratory System
The Nose
The Pharynx
The Larynx
The Trachea
The Bronchi
The Bronchioles
The Alveoli
The Lungs
The Pleura
Pulmonary Ventilation
Inspiration and Expiration
Gas Exchange
Alveolar Exchange of Gases
Cellular Exchange of Gases
Chapter 10 Recall
Endnotes
Chapter 10 Class Notes
Chapter 10 Homework
Section 4 Lab Manual
Overview A Bones and Landmarks
Overview B Muscles and Connective Tissue
Lab 1 The Shoulder Girdle, Head and Neck
Lab 2 The Shoulder
Lab 3 The Elbow, Forearm and Wrist
Lab 4 The Trunk
Lab 5 The Hip
Lab 6 The Hip and Knee
Lab 7 The Ankle, Foot and Toes