Chapter 1: Introduction
Why Study Statistics?
How to Study Statistics?
Three Areas of Statistics
A Brief History of Statistics
Measurement and Levels of Measurement
Study Questions
Chapter 2: Distribustions: A Visual Approach
Grouped Frequency Distributions
Graph
Advantages of Frequency Distributions and Graphs
Limitations of Frequency Distributions and Graphs
Study Questions
Chapter 3: Central Tendency
The Mode
The Median
The Mean
Study Questions
Chapter 4: Variability
Range
Standard Deviation
Skewness
Kurtosis
Study Questions
Chapter 5: The Normal Curve and Standard Scores
Standard Scores
Small Departures from Normality
Percentiles
Study Questions
Chapter 6: Probablity
Basic Definition of Probability
Probability of A "and" B (Multiplication Rule)
Probability of A "or" B (Addition Rule)
Conditional Probability (Probability of B given A)
Multiplication Rule for Dependent Events
Summary of Basic Probability
County Rules
Permutations
Permutations of N Things Take r at a Time
Combinations of N Things Taken r at a Time
The Binomial Distribution
Pascal's Triangle
Direct Calculations of Binomial Probabilities
Characteristics of the Binomial Distribution
Usine the Normal Curve to Approximate Binomial Probabilities
Study Questions
Chapter 7: Correlation: Measuring the Strength of a Relationship
A Variable
Pairs of Variables
Three Tasks of Correlational Statstics
Measuring the Strength of a Relationship: A Visual Approach
Measuring the Strength of a Relationship: The Person r
Study Questions
Chapter 8: Regression: Making the Best Possible Predictions
The Analytic Geometry of a Straight Line
Finding the Equations for Regression Line
Finding the Equation for the Regression Line: An Example
Using the Regression Equation to Make Predictions
Study Questions
Chapter 9: Forcasting Error in Prediction
Forecasting Prediction Error
Computingthe Standard Error of Estimate
Interpreting Correlations Revisited
Graphing the Index of Forecasting Efficiency
Study Quesitons
Chapter 10: Assumptions of the Person r and Alternative Measures of Correlation
Platonic Idealism
Scientific Theory and Idealization
Statistical Models
Application to Correlation
Assumptions of the Person r
Spearman's rho
Additional Issues Concerning Correlation
Study Questions
Chapter 11: Sampling Distributions and the Standard Error of the Mean
Purpose of Inferential Statistics
Basic Approach
Definitions
Expanded Notation
Unbiased Estimate of the Standard Deviation
Degrees of Freedom
Common Problems Requiring Inferential Statistics
The Sampling Distribution of the Mean
Study Questions
Chapter 12: Making inferences about a Population from a Single Sample
The t Distribution
Establishing Confidence Intervals
Testing the Significance of the Difference between a Single Sample Mean and a Known Population Mean or other Known Value
Testing the Significance of Correlation
Study Questions
Chapter 13: Testing the Difference Between Means: Independent Samples
Fisher's Classical Statistical Decision Theory
Testing the Significance of the Difference Between the Means of Independent Samples
Assumptions of the t-Test
A Note on "Proving" the Null Hypothesis
Study Questions
Chapter 14: Testing the Difference Between Means: Related Samples
Computing the t Test for Related Samples
One-Tailed and Two-Tailed Tests
Study Questions
Chapter 15: Analysis of Variance
The Linear Model
Deviation Score Formulae
Raw Score or Computational Formulae
Analysis of Variance Calculations
Assumptions of Analysis of Variance
Determining Where the Differences Lie in a Significant Analysis of Variance: Posteriori Tests
Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) Test
Step-by-Step Example
Study Questions
Chapter 16: Chi Square: An Introduction to Non-Parametric Tests
Parametric and Non-Parametric Tests
The Chi Square Test
Samples Sizes with the Chi Square Test
Choosing the Appropriate Significance Tet
Study Questions
Chapter 1: Introduction
Why Study Statistics?
How to Study Statistics?
Three Areas of Statistics
A Brief History of Statistics
Measurement and Levels of Measurement
Study Questions
Chapter 2: Distribustions: A Visual Approach
Grouped Frequency Distributions
Graph
Advantages of Frequency Distributions and Graphs
Limitations of Frequency Distributions and Graphs
Study Questions
Chapter 3: Central Tendency
The Mode
The Median
The Mean
Study Questions
Chapter 4: Variability
Range
Standard Deviation
Skewness
Kurtosis
Study Questions
Chapter 5: The Normal Curve and Standard Scores
Standard Scores
Small Departures from Normality
Percentiles
Study Questions
Chapter 6: Probablity
Basic Definition of Probability
Probability of A "and" B (Multiplication Rule)
Probability of A "or" B (Addition Rule)
Conditional Probability (Probability of B given A)
Multiplication Rule for Dependent Events
Summary of Basic Probability
County Rules
Permutations
Permutations of N Things Take r at a Time
Combinations of N Things Taken r at a Time
The Binomial Distribution
Pascal's Triangle
Direct Calculations of Binomial Probabilities
Characteristics of the Binomial Distribution
Usine the Normal Curve to Approximate Binomial Probabilities
Study Questions
Chapter 7: Correlation: Measuring the Strength of a Relationship
A Variable
Pairs of Variables
Three Tasks of Correlational Statstics
Measuring the Strength of a Relationship: A Visual Approach
Measuring the Strength of a Relationship: The Person r
Study Questions
Chapter 8: Regression: Making the Best Possible Predictions
The Analytic Geometry of a Straight Line
Finding the Equations for Regression Line
Finding the Equation for the Regression Line: An Example
Using the Regression Equation to Make Predictions
Study Questions
Chapter 9: Forcasting Error in Prediction
Forecasting Prediction Error
Computingthe Standard Error of Estimate
Interpreting Correlations Revisited
Graphing the Index of Forecasting Efficiency
Study Quesitons
Chapter 10: Assumptions of the Person r and Alternative Measures of Correlation
Platonic Idealism
Scientific Theory and Idealization
Statistical Models
Application to Correlation
Assumptions of the Person r
Spearman's rho
Additional Issues Concerning Correlation
Study Questions
Chapter 11: Sampling Distributions and the Standard Error of the Mean
Purpose of Inferential Statistics
Basic Approach
Definitions
Expanded Notation
Unbiased Estimate of the Standard Deviation
Degrees of Freedom
Common Problems Requiring Inferential Statistics
The Sampling Distribution of the Mean
Study Questions
Chapter 12: Making inferences about a Population from a Single Sample
The t Distribution
Establishing Confidence Intervals
Testing the Significance of the Difference between a Single Sample Mean and a Known Population Mean or other Known Value
Testing the Significance of Correlation
Study Questions
Chapter 13: Testing the Difference Between Means: Independent Samples
Fisher's Classical Statistical Decision Theory
Testing the Significance of the Difference Between the Means of Independent Samples
Assumptions of the t-Test
A Note on "Proving" the Null Hypothesis
Study Questions
Chapter 14: Testing the Difference Between Means: Related Samples
Computing the t Test for Related Samples
One-Tailed and Two-Tailed Tests
Study Questions
Chapter 15: Analysis of Variance
The Linear Model
Deviation Score Formulae
Raw Score or Computational Formulae
Analysis of Variance Calculations
Assumptions of Analysis of Variance
Determining Where the Differences Lie in a Significant Analysis of Variance: Posteriori Tests
Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) Test
Step-by-Step Example
Study Questions
Chapter 16: Chi Square: An Introduction to Non-Parametric Tests
Parametric and Non-Parametric Tests
The Chi Square Test
Samples Sizes with the Chi Square Test
Choosing the Appropriate Significance Tet
Study Questions