Biology of AIDS

Chapter 1 HIV/AIDS: The Early Years
In the Beginning: Discovery, Confusion and Speculations
Current State of the AIDS Epidemic
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Chapter 2 Understanding HIV and AIDS
What Is AIDS?
What Are Viruses?
The Nature of HIV
HIV Infection and Replication
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Chapter 3 The Origins of AIDS
HIV/AIDS Dissidents
Evidence That HIV Causes AIDS
How Did HIV First Infect Humans?
SIV and the Origins of AIDS
The Africa, Haiti, United States Route of HIV-1 Subtype B
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Chapter 4 HIV and the Immune System
Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses
Central Role of CD4 Cells
How Does HIV Attack the Immune System?
Cellular Receptors and Entry of HIV
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Chapter 5 Progression of HIV Infection to AIDS
Stages of HIV Infection
When Is a Person Diagnosed with AIDS?
AIDS Opportunistic Infections
Common Opportunistic AIDS Infections
AIDS Dementia Complex
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Chapter 6 Transmission of HIV
Major Routes of HIV Transmission
High-Risk Behaviors
HIV Transmission in MSM
Bug Chasers and HIV Infection
Women and HIV Transmission Risk
Other Possible Modes of HIV Transmission
HIV Infection in Healthcare Workers
You Cannot Get HIV from That!
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Chapter 7 Prevalence of HIV/AIDS
HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa
AIDS in Eastern Europe and Central Asia
HIV/AIDS in Oceania
HIV/AIDS in Asia
HIV/AIDS in the Caribbean
HIV Epidemic in Latin America
HIV/AIDS in North America, Western and Central Europe
HIV/AIDS in the United States
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Chapter 8 Race, Poverty, and HIV/AIDS in the United States
HIV/AIDS and Race
HIV/AIDS in U.S. Poverty Areas
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Chapter 9 Testing and Diagnosis of HIV/AIDS
HIV Testing for Pregnant Women
Screening and Confirmatory Tests for HIV
Fourth-Generation HIV Tests
Interpretation of Western Blot Data
Nucleic Acid–Based HIV Testing
Rapid HIV Tests
Tests for HIV Progression
HIV Genotyping and Phenotyping Tests
Test for HIV Tropism
Routine HIV Testing as Part of Regular Medical Care
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Chapter 10 HIV/AIDS Treatment
Nucleoside and Non-Nucleoside Inhibitors
Entry Inhibitors
Integrase Inhibitors
HAART
Atripla and AIDS Treatment
Functional Cure for HIV
Bee Venom and HIV Treatment
Treatment Outlook
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Chapter 11 HIV Vaccine Research: Is There Real Progress?
Current Perspective
How Do Vaccines Work?
Real Progress or Fool’s Gold?
The Challenges of Creating an HIV Vaccine
Preventive vs. Therapeutic Vaccines
Failure of the HVTN-505 Vaccine Trial
Logistics of HIV Vaccine Clinical Trials
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Appendix A: Answers to Review Questions
Appendix B: Selected HIV/AIDS Online Resources