A Brief Chronicle of Ourselves: A Thematic and Cultural Overview of History Pre-Colombian Exchange to the COVID Pandemic

Foreword

Europe Transformed: Pre-Reformation to Enlightenment
Introduction
Henry VIII
Martin Luther and the Reformations of European Religion
The European With Trials
The Scientific Revolution and the Age of the Enlightenment
The Salem Witch Trials/Remerging European Religious Ideology

The Remnants of the Mongolian Empire and Their Lasting Affects
Introduction
How to Build an Empire
The Heir of Genghis Khan
Batu Khan and the Golden Hoard
Il-Khanate in the Middle East
The Yuan Dynasty of China

Ancient China: A Legacy of Dynasty
Introduction
Previous Dynasties: Their Creation and Function

Modern China: Back to the Silk Road
The Warlord Era
The Beginning of Civil War in China
The People’s Republic of China and Mao Zedong
The New Silk Road

Japan
Edo Period
The Eruption of Mount Fuji
Rangaku
The Constitution of Japan
Russo-Japanese War
Little Boy and Fat Man: The Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Godzilla

Russia
Ivan the III and the Unification of Russia
The Reign and Fall of Ivan the Terrible
Anastasiya Romanova and the birth of the Romanov Dynasty
Rasputin
Cold War: A brief introduction to

Islam and Its Empires
Bedouin Tribes
Founding of Mecca
Move to Medina
Islamic Beliefs and Practices
Formation of an Islamic Empire
The Age of the Orthodox Caliph
The Umayyad Dynasty
Yazid versus Husayn
The Social Dynamics of the Umayyad Dynasty
The Abbasid Dynasty
Divinely Sanctioned Rule
Urban Growth and Trade
Education and the Age of Intellectual Achievement
Institutions of Higher Learning
Medicine
Astronomy and Mathematics
Christianity versus Islam: The Crusades
Pope Urban II
The First Crusade
Other Crusades
Spiritual Revolutions 1500–1650
Islam: A Polarized Divide
Settlement and Synthesis
Intellectual Shifts
The Rise of the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Success
The Army and the Practice of Devşirme
Religious Tolerance and the Imperial Council
Ottoman Effect on Venetian Trade
Secular and Religious Society
The Arab Spring

Early America: The Founding, the Building, and the Razing
Maritime Voyagers: Who Founded America and Why You Were Lied To
The Voyages of Zheng He
A Great Fleet
New Navigational Tools
Death of Zheng He
State Building and Increased Trade in Europe (1400–1500 CE)
Spain
Portugal
The Rise of the Merchant Class in Western and Northern Europe
Guilds in the Hanseatic League
Trade Routes of the Hanseatic League
Increasing Growth of Trade
Religious Mission, the Quest for More Goods, and Slavery

Prince Henry the Navigator
Early European Exploration of the Atlantic
Gaunches of the Canary Islands
Quest of the Americas
Christopher Columbus
Pedro Cabral
New Evidence and an Edited History
The Runes
Unknown Symbols and Fraud
Evidence of the Hooked X
Evidence of Occupation
Who Were They?
Slavery
Imperialism and Industrialization
Colonization Elsewhere in the World
Manifest Destiny
The Second Industrial Revolution
The Great Depression

The Wars: America’s Involvement and How They Changed Our World
The Revolutionary War and the War of 1812
The New Nation
Launching the Republic
Federalist Rule
Hamiltonians vs. Jeffersonians
The Election of 1800
War with England
New Fragmentation
The Coming of the Civil War
Events that Led to the Civil War, 1850–1861
The Civil War and Reconstruction
The Emancipation Proclamation
Lincoln as Commander in Chief
Leading Up to World War I
The Spanish American War
World War I and its Aftermath
World War II
The Holocaust/The Shoah
Korean War
The Cold War
The Vietnam War
From French Indochina to Vietnam
9/11 and its World Impact

Native Americans: Forced Migration and Broken Treaties
Trail of Tears
Wounded Knee (1890)
Ghost Dance
The Taking of Hawaii
Books

The Reclaiming of Native American Culture and the Blossoming of Pan-tribalism
The Boarding Schools and what they lost
The stereotype
American Indian Movement
Two Book Reviews for Further Reading on the Topics in this chapter
Alcatraz
The Trail of Broken Treaties
A Book Review for Further Reading on the Topics in this chapter
Wounded Knee (1973)
A Book review for further reading on the topics in this chapter
Dakota Access Pipeline
Mauna Kea

Africa
Christianity and Islam
Slavery
Colonial Rule
Postcolonial Africa
Customs and Religion
Economy
Aparthied
Democracy and Genocide

India
Hinduism to Buddhism
European Influence
Gandhi the National Congress
Independence
Post Colonialism
Post War
Globalization

The Great Empires of the Americus
The Rise of the Maya
The Andean Realm of Tawantinsuyu (Inca)
Rise of Anahuác (Aztec) in Mesoamerica
Catholic Spain and the Not-So-New World
The African Diaspora, a Transnational Heritage
The New Nations and Indigenous/African-Descended Peoples
Latin American Drug Cartels

The COVID 19 Pandemic
History in the Making
Smallpox
Bubonic Plague (The Black Death)
Measles
Polio (Poliomyelitis)
The Spanish Flu (Spanish Influenza)
Sever Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
H1N1 (Swine Flu)
Global Pandemic
China
United Kingdoms
Italy
Spain
United States
The Experience
After Thoughts