Criminal Justice and Mental Health: An Evidence Based Approach
Edition: 1
Copyright: 2022
Pages: 218
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Criminal Justice and Mental Health: An Evidence Based Approach details the historical, social, and policy influences that have led to the criminal justice system now serving as a default mental health system. The three largest mental health facilities in the United States are jails and prisons and there are more people with a mental illness who are incarcerated compared to those who are not. Students in criminology and criminal justice will find value in this text as it moves from police, courts, to corrections, using the Ecological School of Thought to examine the complexity of the issue. This is particularly salient for students who seek careers in or related to the criminal justice system.
Each chapter beings with a Chapter Overview, Learning Objectives, and Keywords. These are reinforced by Special Features such as “Journey into the Field” where profiles of practitioners are presented, “Myths vs. Reality” in which stereotypes and myths are challenged, and “Experimental Leaning & Virtual Reality” activities that give students an “inside-out” view of mental illness occurring in the criminal justice system. This approach encourages students to merge research with their own preconceptions in order to develop as scholars and practitioners.
Students will be empowered by the use of a theoretical approach merged with methodological applications that promote innovative solutions. This centers on the use of measurement to identify evidence based programs and policies that can address the risks and needs of people with mental illness within the criminal justice system and the practitioners who must balance public safety requirements while reinforcing their own mental health.
PART I: THEORETICAL ORIENTATIONS
Chapter 1: The History of Criminal Justice and Mental Health
Experiential Learning and Virtual Reality: Meet Mr. S.
A Brief History of Mental Illness in the United States
Myths vs. Reality: Personal Experience and Knowledge
Deinstitutionalization: Criminal Justice as Default Mental Health System
Journey Into the Field: Mr. John Barkley
Summary: The Current State of Mental Health and Criminal Justice
Chapter 2: Mental Health and Criminal Justice Ethics
Human Rights and Mental Health
Journey Into the Field: Mr. Stefan Feidler
The Global Burden of Mental Illness
Mental Health Law and the Criminal Justice System
Myths vs Reality: Quimbee
Summary: Mental Health and Criminal Justice Ethics
Chapter 3: Defining and Measuring Mental Illness
Defining Mental Illness
Journey Into the Field: Dr. Ryan Quirk
The Ecological School of Thought
Measuring Mental Illness: Abnormal Psychology
Myths vs. Reality: No One Cares About Crazy People
Mental Health Disorders and the Criminal Justice System
Summary: Defining and Measuring Mental Illness
Chapter 4: Staff Well-Being and Resiliency
The Need to Foster Mental Health in Staff
Journey Into the Field: Dr. Caterina Spinaris
Frontline Staff: The Forgotten Population
Myths vs. Reality: Control and Meaning
Promoting Wellness and Resiliency in Criminal Justice Staff
Experiential Learning and Virtual Reality: Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM)
Summary: The Current State of Staff Well-Being and Resiliency Interventions
PART II: SYSTEMATIC APPROACHES TO MENTAL ILLNESS
Chapter 5: Law Enforcement
Law Enforcement and Offenders With Mental Illness
Journey Into the Field: Dr. Geoff Alpert
Referrals to Social Services
Myths vs. Reality: Skid Row
Law Enforcement and People With Mental Illness Interactions
The Use of Force
Experiential Learning and Virtual Reality: Preventable Tragedies Database
Summary: Emerging Practices for Law Enforcement
Chapter 6: Court
Journey Into the Field: Judge Bill Smith
Jail Diversion Programs
Mental Health Courts
Experiential Learning and Virtual Reality: The Bazelon Center for Mental Health Law
Drug Courts
Involuntary Commitment, Culpability, and Insanity
Myths vs. Reality: Not Guilty by Reason of Insanity (NGRI)
Summary: Emerging Practices for Courts
Chapter 7: Jails and Prisons (Institutional Corrections)
Institutional Corrections (Jails and Prisons)
Journey Into the Field: Shirene Hansotia, JD
Myths vs. Reality: Supermax Prisons
Services for Inmates With Mental Illness
Experiential Learning and Virtual Reality: Design a Perfect Prison
Summary: Emerging Practices for Institutional Corrections
Chapter 8: Adverse Reactions to Confinement
Isolation and Inmates With Mental Illness
Self-Harming Behaviors
Journey Into the Field: Dr. Karen Slade
Myths vs. Reality: Volunteer Inmate Programs
Experiential Learning and Virtual Reality: Cell Extractions
Summary: Emerging Practices for Adverse Reactions to Confinement
PART III: COMMUNITY-BASED CONSIDERATIONS
Chapter 9: Returning to Society
Reentry and Reintegration Into Society
Journey Into the Field: Amy Barch
Discharge Planning
Holistic Reentry Programs for Inmates With Mental Illness
Experiential Learning and Virtual Reality: Prison Reentry Centers
Halfway Houses
Myths vs. Reality: Brooks Hatlen
Summary: Emerging Reentry Practices for Inmates With a Mental Illness
Chapter 10: Probation and Parole (Community Corrections)
Diversion and Intermediate Sanctions
Journey Into the Field: Mr. Jerry Adger
Probation and Parole
Myths vs. Reality: Parole Boards
The Officer-Client Relationship
Evidence-Based Strategies for Offenders With Mental Illness
Experiential Learning and Virtual Reality: National Institute of Justice
Assertive Community Treatment (ACT)
Summary: Emerging Practices for Community Corrections
Chapter 11: Vulnerable Populations
Protecting Vulnerable Populations
Journey Into the Field: Dr. Shelley Brown
Juvenile Delinquency and Mental Illness
Unique Pathways for Offenders With Mental Illness
Myth vs. Reality: Inmate Visitation
Experiential Learning and Virtual Reality: The Human Rights Campaign
Summary: Emerging Practices for Vulnerable Populations
Chapter 12: Partnerships and Evidence-Based Practices
The Need for Partnerships Between Mental Health and Criminal Justice
Evidence-Based Practices: Policies and Programs
Journey Into the Field: Dr. Roberto Potter
The Sequential Intercept Model (SIM)
Myths vs. Reality: The Trauma-Informed Framework
Criminal Justice Staff Standards
Experiential Learning and Virtual Reality: Standards of Care
Summary: The Future of Partnerships Between Mental Health and Criminal Justice
Dr. Hayden P. Smith is a Professor of Criminology & Criminal Justice at the University of South Carolina. His principal focus of study is the intersection of the criminal justice and public health systems. Dr. Smith is a national and international expert on self-injurious and suicidal behaviors occurring in incarcerated populations. Other areas of study include mental health programs in jail and prison, officer wellness and resiliency, the Prison Rape Elimination Act (PREA), reentry initiatives, and best practices in evaluating corrections-based programs. Dr. Smith has expertise in program evaluation and policy analysis and has worked with numerous correctional and health systems. Dr. Smith’s previous publications have appeared in top-tiered journals like Justice Quarterly, Crime & Delinquency, and Criminal Justice & Behavior.
Criminal Justice and Mental Health: An Evidence Based Approach details the historical, social, and policy influences that have led to the criminal justice system now serving as a default mental health system. The three largest mental health facilities in the United States are jails and prisons and there are more people with a mental illness who are incarcerated compared to those who are not. Students in criminology and criminal justice will find value in this text as it moves from police, courts, to corrections, using the Ecological School of Thought to examine the complexity of the issue. This is particularly salient for students who seek careers in or related to the criminal justice system.
Each chapter beings with a Chapter Overview, Learning Objectives, and Keywords. These are reinforced by Special Features such as “Journey into the Field” where profiles of practitioners are presented, “Myths vs. Reality” in which stereotypes and myths are challenged, and “Experimental Leaning & Virtual Reality” activities that give students an “inside-out” view of mental illness occurring in the criminal justice system. This approach encourages students to merge research with their own preconceptions in order to develop as scholars and practitioners.
Students will be empowered by the use of a theoretical approach merged with methodological applications that promote innovative solutions. This centers on the use of measurement to identify evidence based programs and policies that can address the risks and needs of people with mental illness within the criminal justice system and the practitioners who must balance public safety requirements while reinforcing their own mental health.
PART I: THEORETICAL ORIENTATIONS
Chapter 1: The History of Criminal Justice and Mental Health
Experiential Learning and Virtual Reality: Meet Mr. S.
A Brief History of Mental Illness in the United States
Myths vs. Reality: Personal Experience and Knowledge
Deinstitutionalization: Criminal Justice as Default Mental Health System
Journey Into the Field: Mr. John Barkley
Summary: The Current State of Mental Health and Criminal Justice
Chapter 2: Mental Health and Criminal Justice Ethics
Human Rights and Mental Health
Journey Into the Field: Mr. Stefan Feidler
The Global Burden of Mental Illness
Mental Health Law and the Criminal Justice System
Myths vs Reality: Quimbee
Summary: Mental Health and Criminal Justice Ethics
Chapter 3: Defining and Measuring Mental Illness
Defining Mental Illness
Journey Into the Field: Dr. Ryan Quirk
The Ecological School of Thought
Measuring Mental Illness: Abnormal Psychology
Myths vs. Reality: No One Cares About Crazy People
Mental Health Disorders and the Criminal Justice System
Summary: Defining and Measuring Mental Illness
Chapter 4: Staff Well-Being and Resiliency
The Need to Foster Mental Health in Staff
Journey Into the Field: Dr. Caterina Spinaris
Frontline Staff: The Forgotten Population
Myths vs. Reality: Control and Meaning
Promoting Wellness and Resiliency in Criminal Justice Staff
Experiential Learning and Virtual Reality: Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM)
Summary: The Current State of Staff Well-Being and Resiliency Interventions
PART II: SYSTEMATIC APPROACHES TO MENTAL ILLNESS
Chapter 5: Law Enforcement
Law Enforcement and Offenders With Mental Illness
Journey Into the Field: Dr. Geoff Alpert
Referrals to Social Services
Myths vs. Reality: Skid Row
Law Enforcement and People With Mental Illness Interactions
The Use of Force
Experiential Learning and Virtual Reality: Preventable Tragedies Database
Summary: Emerging Practices for Law Enforcement
Chapter 6: Court
Journey Into the Field: Judge Bill Smith
Jail Diversion Programs
Mental Health Courts
Experiential Learning and Virtual Reality: The Bazelon Center for Mental Health Law
Drug Courts
Involuntary Commitment, Culpability, and Insanity
Myths vs. Reality: Not Guilty by Reason of Insanity (NGRI)
Summary: Emerging Practices for Courts
Chapter 7: Jails and Prisons (Institutional Corrections)
Institutional Corrections (Jails and Prisons)
Journey Into the Field: Shirene Hansotia, JD
Myths vs. Reality: Supermax Prisons
Services for Inmates With Mental Illness
Experiential Learning and Virtual Reality: Design a Perfect Prison
Summary: Emerging Practices for Institutional Corrections
Chapter 8: Adverse Reactions to Confinement
Isolation and Inmates With Mental Illness
Self-Harming Behaviors
Journey Into the Field: Dr. Karen Slade
Myths vs. Reality: Volunteer Inmate Programs
Experiential Learning and Virtual Reality: Cell Extractions
Summary: Emerging Practices for Adverse Reactions to Confinement
PART III: COMMUNITY-BASED CONSIDERATIONS
Chapter 9: Returning to Society
Reentry and Reintegration Into Society
Journey Into the Field: Amy Barch
Discharge Planning
Holistic Reentry Programs for Inmates With Mental Illness
Experiential Learning and Virtual Reality: Prison Reentry Centers
Halfway Houses
Myths vs. Reality: Brooks Hatlen
Summary: Emerging Reentry Practices for Inmates With a Mental Illness
Chapter 10: Probation and Parole (Community Corrections)
Diversion and Intermediate Sanctions
Journey Into the Field: Mr. Jerry Adger
Probation and Parole
Myths vs. Reality: Parole Boards
The Officer-Client Relationship
Evidence-Based Strategies for Offenders With Mental Illness
Experiential Learning and Virtual Reality: National Institute of Justice
Assertive Community Treatment (ACT)
Summary: Emerging Practices for Community Corrections
Chapter 11: Vulnerable Populations
Protecting Vulnerable Populations
Journey Into the Field: Dr. Shelley Brown
Juvenile Delinquency and Mental Illness
Unique Pathways for Offenders With Mental Illness
Myth vs. Reality: Inmate Visitation
Experiential Learning and Virtual Reality: The Human Rights Campaign
Summary: Emerging Practices for Vulnerable Populations
Chapter 12: Partnerships and Evidence-Based Practices
The Need for Partnerships Between Mental Health and Criminal Justice
Evidence-Based Practices: Policies and Programs
Journey Into the Field: Dr. Roberto Potter
The Sequential Intercept Model (SIM)
Myths vs. Reality: The Trauma-Informed Framework
Criminal Justice Staff Standards
Experiential Learning and Virtual Reality: Standards of Care
Summary: The Future of Partnerships Between Mental Health and Criminal Justice
Dr. Hayden P. Smith is a Professor of Criminology & Criminal Justice at the University of South Carolina. His principal focus of study is the intersection of the criminal justice and public health systems. Dr. Smith is a national and international expert on self-injurious and suicidal behaviors occurring in incarcerated populations. Other areas of study include mental health programs in jail and prison, officer wellness and resiliency, the Prison Rape Elimination Act (PREA), reentry initiatives, and best practices in evaluating corrections-based programs. Dr. Smith has expertise in program evaluation and policy analysis and has worked with numerous correctional and health systems. Dr. Smith’s previous publications have appeared in top-tiered journals like Justice Quarterly, Crime & Delinquency, and Criminal Justice & Behavior.