Criminal Justice Theory in Practice
Edition: 1
Copyright: 2021
Pages: 240
Edition: 1
Copyright: 2021
Pages: 142
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This book identifies essential theories and practices in criminal justice. The primary goal of this textbook is provide undergraduate criminal justice students with a broad array of assessments and evaluations of the programs and policies that have progressed in the field of criminal justice. It reviews and scrutinizes experiments such as S.M.A.R.T., Minneapolis Domestic Violence, Midtown Community Court, D.A.R.E., Ceasefire in Boston, and Kansas City Preventive Patrol in the light of relevant criminal justice theories. In addition, this book provides a summary and analysis of the cases frequently used in the criminal justice field.
CHAPTER ONE: The Criminal Justice System
Introduction
The Sequence of Events in the US Criminal Justice System
Crime
Prosecution and Pretrial Hearing
Adjudication
Sentencing and Appeal
Prison/Corrections
The Process of Bringing Crime to the Attention of Police
Production Process Model
Law Enforcement
Prosecution
Defense Attorneys
Courts
Corrections
The Wedding Cake Model
Celebrated Cases
Serious Felonies
Lesser Felonies
Misdemeanors
Significance
The Funnel Effect of the Criminal Justice System
Rules
Discretion
Steps in the Criminal Justice Process
Discretion: Police
Discretion: Prosecution
Discretion: Judge
Discretion: Parole Board
Chapter Summary
References
CHAPTER TWO: Legal Issues for the Police
Introduction
Description of The Fourth Amendment
What is a Terry Stop?
What is Frisk?
What is Probable Cause?
What is Reasonable Suspicion?
Rights of Search and Seizure
Terry V. Ohio
Stop and Frisks
Stops
Procedure
Identification
Duration of a Stop
Explanation to the Detained Person
Rights of the Detained Person
Effects of Refusing to Cooperate
Use of Force
Frisks
Procedure
Vehicle Stops
Containers
Use of Force
The Fourth Amendment and the Exclusionary Rule
Case Analysis
Mapp v. Ohio
Miranda v. Arizona
The United States v. Watson
Payton v. New York
Chimel v. California
Minnesota v. Dickerson
Arizona v. Hicks
California v. Greenwood
Whren v. the United States
Brewer v. Williams
Chapter Summary
References
CHAPTER THREE: CompStat In Fighting Crime
Introduction
How Does It Work?
CompStat History
Purpose of CompStat
Four Principles of CompStat
Effectiveness of CompStat
Crime Mapping and Effectiveness
Evidence-Based Policing
Intelligence-Led Policing
Explanation
Effectiveness
Chapter Summary
References
CHAPTER FOUR: Kansas City Preventive Patrol and Gun Experiment
Introduction
Explanation
Analysis
Effectiveness
Limitations
Conclusion
Kansas City Gun Experiment
Explanation
Analysis
Trends in Gun Crimes
Displacement
Drive-by Shootings
Homicides
Other Crimes
Effectiveness
Limitations
Conclusion
Chapter Summary
References
CHAPTER FIVE: Death Penalty in United States
Introduction
Death Penalty Methods Around the World
Hanging
Shooting
Lethal Injections
Electrocution
Gas Inhalation
Statistical Analysis of The Death Penalty in the US
Why the Death Penalty? Does It Work?
Death Penalty Works as Crime Determinant
Case Analysis
a. Crampton v. Ohio Case Analysis
b. Jackson v. Georgia Case Analysis
c. Brach v. Texas Case Analysis
d. McClesky v. Kemp Case Analysis
Race and Death Penalty
Alternatives to the Death Penalty
Chapter Summary
References
CHAPTER SIX: SMART in Oakland and Minneapolis Domestic Violence Program
SMART Program
Analyzing SMART and Its Activities
Number of People Arrested or Contacted
Study
Evaluating SMART
Policing and SMART
Minneapolis Domestic Violence Program
Domestic Violence in the US and Statistics
Intimate Partners
Rape
Stalking
Homicide
Children and Domestic Violence
MDVP Analysis
Police Response and Arrest Policies
Evaluation and Criticism
Chapter Summary
References
CHAPTER SEVEN: Illegal Drugs and the US Criminal Justice System
Introduction
War on Drugs
Commonly Used Drugs in US and Explanations
Marijuana
Psychotherapeutics
Cocaine
Hallucinogens
Ecstasy
Methamphetamine
Inhalants
Powder vs. Crack Cocaine
Rockefeller Drugs Laws and Mass Incarceration
Drug Courts and Rehabilitation
DARE (Drug Abuse Resistance Education) Program and Analysis
Chapter Summary
References
CHAPTER EIGHT: Community-Based Crime Control
Midtown Community Court (MCC)
How Does It Work?
Analysis of MCC
Effectiveness of MCC and Evaluation
Gun Buy Back (GBB) Programs
Gun Buy-Back Program Analysis
Gun Buyback in New York
Evaluation and Analysis of GBB
Crime Victim Compensation in the US
Benefits
Eligibility
Victims
Family Members
Applications
Operation Ceasefire in Boston
The Pareto Principle
Results and Impacts
Chapter Summary
References
CHAPTER NINE: Insanity Defense
Introduction
What is Insanity
Jeffrey Dahmer “not guilty because of insanity” plea
Andrea Yates, “insanity verdict?”
Insanity Defense Reform Act Of 1984
Durham vs. United State Case Analysis
M’Naghten Test
Insanity Defense and Burden of Proof
Chapter Summary
References
CHAPTER TEN: Police Legitimacy
Introduction
What Is Police Legitimacy?
Why Is Police Legitimacy So Necessary For Policing?
How Can Police Improve Its Legitimacy?
What Is The Relationship Between Procedural Justice And Police Legitimacy?
How Do Police Officers Help Our Community?
Why Is Community Policing So Important?
Summary
References