Criminology in Canada: Its Mechanisms, Theories, and Failings
Edition: 1
Copyright: 2022
Pages: 246
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Criminology in Canada: Its Mechanism, Theories and Failings is a critical look at the Canadian Criminal Justice system. This first two thirds of this text explores in detail how Canadian law operates and an in-depth look at a variety of criminological theories. The final third of this text is quite unique as it discusses the role of non profit organizations within the criminal justice system. Further, it also discusses a number of failings or challenges within the current system and it also analyzes similarities and differences between justice and social justice. This text has been evaluated and student course evaluations reveal that this text has been a positive contribution to their criminology classes.
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Chapter 1 Criminal Law
Chapter Outcomes
Key Terms
Introduction
Evolution of Canadian Criminal Law
Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
Elements of a Crime
The Criminal Act (Actus Reus)
The Guilty Mind (Mens Rea)
Defences
Alibi Defences
Justification Defences
Consent
Duress
Entrapment
Necessity
Provocation
Self-Defence
Excuse Defences
Age
Automatism
Mental Disorder
Mistake Defences
The Criminal Justice Wedding Cake Model
Summary
References
Chapter 2 Measuring Crime
Chapter Outcomes
Key Terms
Introduction
Official Statistics
Self-Report Surveys
Victimization Surveys
Observational Accounts
Is Crime in Canada on the Rise?
Trends and Correlates of Canadian Homicide
Conclusion
References
Chapter 3 The Classical School
Chapter Outcomes
Key Terms
Pre-Enlightenment Era Philosophers
Enlightenment Era Philosophers
Classical Criminological Theories
Deterrence Theory – Articulated Propositions
Cartographic School of Criminology
(Sometimes Referred to as the Statistical School)
Neo-Classical School of Criminology
Routine Activity Theory
Classical Theories into the 20th Century
Critiquing Classical Theories of Crime
Policy Implications for Classical Theories of Crime
References
Chapter 4 Structural Theories
Chapter Outcomes
Key Terms
Ecological and Social Disorganization Theories
Strain Theories
Subcultural Conflict Theories
Critiquing Structural Theories
Policy Implications for Social Structure Theories
References
Chapter 5 Social Process Theories
Chapter Outcomes
Key Terms
Social Learning Theories
Critiquing Learning Theories
Policy Implications for Learning Theories
Social Control Theories
Critiquing Social Control Theories
Policy Implications for Social Control Theories
Labeling Theory
Critiquing Labeling Theory
Policy Implications for Labeling Theory
Social Development Life Course Theories
Critiquing Social Development Life Course Theories
Policy Implications for Social Development Life Course Theories
Social Process Theory Summary
References
Chapter 6 Social Conflict Theories
Chapter Outcomes
Key Terms
Marxist-Based Radical or Critical Theories
Instrumental Marxism
Critiquing Marxist-Based Radical or Critical Theories
Policy Implications for Marxist-Based Radical or Critical Theories
Social Conflict Theories
Critiquing Social Conflict Theories
Policy Implications for Social Conflict Theories
Feminist Theories
Critiquing Feminist Theories
Policy Implications for Feminist Theories
Social Conflict Theory Summary
References
Chapter 7 Rehabilitation and Reintegration
Chapter Outcomes
Key Terms
Rehabilitation
Rehabilitation vs. Crime Prevention
Rehabilitation vs. Punishment
Canadian Approach
Institutional Correctional Programming
Community Rehabilitation
What Doesn’t Work?
Challenges With Rehabilitation
Concerns With Colonial Rehabilitation
Reintegration
What Are the Challenges to Reintegration?
What Makes for Successful Reintegration?
Benefits of Successful Reintegration
Reintegration in Canada
References
Chapter 8 Criminal Justice Process and Models
Chapter Outcomes
Key Terms
Core Components
Police
Courts
Corrections
Preventative, Proactive, and Reactive Approaches to Justice
Preventative Approach
Proactive Approach
Reactive Approach
Punishment vs. Alternative Justice/Restorative Justice
Models: As a Comparison
Australia/New Zealand
Canadian Approach
References
Chapter 9 Criminal Justice Partnerships
Chapter Outcomes
Key Terms
Scope and Funding of NGOs
Value and Position of NGOs In Criminal Justice
Public Service Canada Non-Profit Partners in the Criminal Justice System
Department of Justice and Nonprofit Partners in the Criminal Justice System
The John Howard Societies of Canada and The Elizabeth Fry Societies of Canada
Nonprofit Versus For-Profit Organization Visions
References
Chapter 10 Social Justice vs. Criminal Justice
Chapter Outcomes
Key Terms
Criminal Justice
Social Justice
Social Injustice
What Is Justice?
Two Specific Cases
Mitigating Social Injustice
References
Glossary
Chris Hay has worked within the criminal justice system for over 30 years. Chris' roles have included working as a Probation Officer, as a Civilian Manager of an Intelligence Unit at a large Canadian Police Service, as a Consultant to North American Police Services, and most recently, as the Executive Director of a Non Profit organization that helps to rehabilitate and reintegrate people who in trouble with the law. Further, Chris also currently teaches Sociology, Criminology, Research Methods, and Intelligence courses at six Canadian Universities, Colleges, and Institutes.