Criminology in Context

Introduction
Part 1 Early Influences on Criminology
1. Historical Perspectives on Criminal Behavior
Clues from Our Past
Early Religion
The Enlightenment
Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries
References

2. The Classical School of Thought
Pre-Classical
Pre-Enlightenment Era Philosophers
Enlightenment Era Philosophers
Classical Criminological Theories
Deterrence Theory–Articulated Propositions
Cartographic School of Criminology
Neo-Classical School of Criminology
Routine Activity Theory
Classical Theories into the 20th Century
Critiquing Classical Theories of Crime
Policy Implications for Classical Theories of Crime
References

3. The Positivist School of Thought
Positivism
Classical Biological Theories
The Italian School of Criminology
Challenging the Italian School of Criminology’s Findings
Morphological Theories of Crime (Somatotype or Body Typing)
Family Studies
Psychological Trait Theories
Behavior Theory
Humanistic/Behavioral Theories
Cognitive Theories of Development
Critiquing Biological and Psychological Theories
Policy Implications for Biological and Psychological Theories
References

Part 2 Measurements of Crime and Victimology
4. Transitions to Modernity
Early Conformity and Obedience Research
Datasets versus Theory in Criminology
References

5. Measurements of Crime
Measuring Crime
*Uniform Crime Report
National Incidence Based Reporting System
National Crime Victimization Survey
SELF-REPORT STUDIES
Summary
Credits

6. Victims and Victimization
Economic Costs of Victimization
Psychological Costs of Victimization
Culture of Fear
Victim Characteristics
Repeated Victimization
Victim/Offender Relationship
Theories of Victimization
Caring for Victims of Crime
Victim Compensation
Restitution
Victim Impact Statements
Victim Advocates
Victim/Offender Reconciliation Mediation Programs
Victim Rights
Summary
Credit

Part 3 Modern Criminology Theories
7. Structural Theories
Development of Sociological Criminology
The Chicago School
Socioeconomics and Crime
Race, Socioeconomics, and Crime
Social Structure Theories
Social Disorganization Theories
Social Disorganization Theory
Concentric Zone Theory
Research on Social Disorganization
Critique of the Social Disorganization Theory
Strain Theories
Anomie Theory
Institutional Anomie Theory
General Strain Theory
Critique of Strain Theories
Culture Deviance Theories
Subcultural Theory
Differential Opportunity Theory
Critiques of Cultural Deviance Theories
Social Structure Theories and Public Policy
Summary
Critical Thinking Questions

8. Conflict Theories
Critical Criminology
Development of Critical Criminology
Marxists’ View of Crime
Contemporary Critical Criminology
Instrumental and Structural Critical Theorists
Critiques of Critical Criminology
Critical Feminist Theory
Critique of the Critical Feminist Theory
Power/Control Theory
Critique of the Power/Control Theory
Peacemaking Theory
Critique of the Peacemaking Theory
Social Conflict Theories and Public Policy
Summary
Critical Thinking Questions

9. Social Process and Social Learning Theories
Social Learning Theories
Critiquing Learning Theories
Policy Implications for Learning Theories
Social Control Theories
Critiquing Social Control Theories
Policy Implications for Social Control Theories
Labeling Theory
Critiquing Labeling Theory
Policy Implications for Labeling Theory
Social Development Life Course Theories
Critiquing Social Development Life Course Theories
Policy Implications for Social Development Life Course Theories
Social Process Theory Summary
References

Part 4 Types of Crime
10. Crimes Against Property
Property Crimes
Theft
Occasional Thieves
Professional Thieves
Larceny
Types of Theft
Shoplifting
Amateur and Professional Shoplifting
Shoplifting Prevention
Credit Card Theft
Motor Vehicle Theft
Amateur and Professional Auto Thieves
Combating Auto Theft
Auto Accident Fraud
Embezzlement
Burglary
Extent of Burglary
Motives for Burglary
Amateur and Professional Burglars
Residential and Commercial Burglaries
Arson
Juvenile Arsonists
Adult Arsonists
Summary
Critical Thinking Questions

11. Crimes Against a Person
Introduction
Homicide
Justifiable v. Excusable Homicide
Murder
Capital murder
Felony murder
Victims
Offenders
Rape
Assault
Kidnapping/Abduction
References

12. Crimes Against Morality
*Public Order Crimes
Debating Morals and Laws
Broken Windows
Prostitution
Types of Prostitutes
Becoming a Prostitute
Child Prostitution
Controlling Prostitution
Laws on Prostitution
Legalization of Prostitution
Pornography
Child Pornography
Substance Abuse
Drug and Crime
Drug Control Strategies
Drug Legalization and Decriminalization
Summary
Credit

13. White Collar Crime
White-Collar Crime
Extent of White-Collar Crime
White-Collar Swindlers
White-Collar Chiseling
Identity Theft
White-Collar Exploitation
White-Collar Pilferage and Fraud
White-Collar Client Fraud
Bank Fraud
Tax Evasion
Corporate Crime
Controlling White-Collar Crime
Organized Crime
History of Transnational Organized Crime
History of Transnational Organized Crime in America
Italian-American Mafia
Latino Transnational Organized Crime Groups
Asian Transnational Organized Crime Groups
Russian Transnational Organized Crime Groups
Combating Transnational Organized Criminal Groups
Summary
Critical Thinking Questions
Conclusion