Dirty Dancing on the Field: Nonverbal Appropriateness and Gender Performance in American Football

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Researchers studying human cultures, and even species in the animal world, have found that power hierarchies and demonstrations of power are found everywhere (Anderson, 2008). In the world of sports teams, the power hierarchies are abundant. Within a team, the hierarchy is often demonstrated by newer team members being made to do the menial tasks for the senior players. For instance, the newer players must put away the equipment, carry the heavy bags, and save spots for seniors in lines, such as the meal line.