General Biology 2601-2602 Laboratory Manual

General Biology provides a comprehensive introduction to the fundamental concepts of biology through a combination of laboratory exercises and field investigations. The book begins with core scientific skills, including scientific communication, osmosis and diffusion, fermentation, and gel electrophoresis, before exploring key topics in genetics through the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. Students then examine the diversity of life by studying bacteria, plants, and animals, including comparative animal anatomy and plant diversity. The text concludes with ecological investigations, such as interspecific plant competition and ecological censusing of overstory trees in Wick Park, Youngstown, Ohio, giving students practical experience applying biological principles in natural environments.