General Psychology: The Science of the Mind
Edition: 1
Copyright: 2018
Edition: 1
Copyright: 2018
Choose Your Format
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General Psychology: The Science of the Mind is a state-of-the-art introduction to the field of psychology that is written to the interests and needs of today’s students.
More than just a textbook, General Psychology fuses a workbook within the framework of the text — encouraging students to not only be passive readers of psychology, but also active “doers” of psychology.
General Psychology: The Science of the Mind:
- Promotes active learning! Stimulating exercises motivate critical thinking, “hands on” applications actively connect students to the science of psychology, and quizzes enable students to monitor their progress.
- Is updated! The authors have focused on the science of psychology and have woven themes of diversity throughout the book. An extensively revised chapter on Research Methods focuses on descriptive, correlational, quasi-experimental, and experimental designs and includes discussions of ethics for humans and nonhuman animals, sampling techniques, and an introduction to descriptive and inferential statistics. Current examples of psychological concepts in each chapter -bring the material alive.
- Is practical! The text discusses the Big Five Personality Traits and explores the roles that heredity and social influences play in our personality. Greater emphasis was placed on the ways in which psychology is used in everyday life.
- Is Interactive! An accompanying website includes web exercises, video links, interactive flash cards, PowerPoint presentations, test questions, and more.
Chapter 1 Psychology: The Science of the Mind and Behavior
Learning Objectives
Preview
Key Terms
What Is Psychology
The Four Goals of Psycholog
Origins and History of Psychology
Perspectives of Human Behavior
Evolutionary perspective
Psychodynamic Perspective
Behavioral/Learning Perspective
Humanistic Perspective
Cognitive
Biological Perspective
Sociocultural Perspective
Evaluation of the Perspectives
The Profession and Practice of Psychology
Specialties of Psychology
Education of a Psychologist
Employment Settings and Tasks
About the Rest of This Book
References
Summary
Practice Quiz
Exercises
1.1 Identifying Perspectives
1.2 The Scientific Viewpoint of Psychology
Exercise 1.3
Chapter 2 Research Methods
Learning Objectives
Preview
Key Terms
Psychology as a science
Thinking like a Scientist: Be Skeptical and Sourceful
Question your thoughts and your conclusions
Think about the quality of the Information
Conduct a thorough search for information
Revisit and re-evaluate information and use new information to rethink your conclusions
The Scientific Method
Hypothesize
Operationalize
Measure
Evaluate
Report, Revise, Replicate
The Purposes of Research
Research Participants
Ethics
Rational for Selecting a Representative Sample
Research Designs
Experimental Designs
Correlational Research Methods
Descriptive Design
Data Collection Strategies
Observational Techniques
Survey
Using Statistics to Summarize and Draw Conclusions
Descriptive Statistics
Inferential Statistics
References
Summary
Practice Quiz
Exercises
2.1 Identifying Variables in Experiments
2.2 Identifying Research Methods
2.3 Research Design
Chapter 3 Biopsychology
Objectives
Preview
Key Terms
Research Methods in Biopsychology
Neurophysiology
Neuroanatomy
Sleep and Dreaming
Stages of Sleep
Questions about Dreaming
Theories of Dreaming
References
Summary
Practice Quiz
Exercises
3.1 Identifying Methods for Studying the Brain
3.2 Identifying Brain Regions
3.3 Identifying the Parts of a Neuron
Chapter 4 Sensation and Perception
Learning Objectives
Preview
Key Terms
Sensation and Perception
History and Methods
The New Psychophysics
Signal Detection Theory
Perceptual Adaptation
Perceptual Constancy
Perceptual Contrast
Perceptual Integration
Vision
The Stimulus for Vision
The Human Eye
Pathways to the Brain
Color Vision
Hearing
The Stimulus for Hearing
The Auditory System
Coding for Pitch
The Other Senses
Somatosensation
The Chemical Senses: Taste and Smell
Object Perception
Gestalt Psychology
Depth Perception
References
Summary
Practice Quiz
Exercises
4.1 Identifying Depth Cues
4.2 Illusory Size Judgments
4.3 Top-Down Processing
Chapter 5 Learning
Objectives
Preview
Key Terms
Learning as Behavior Change
Learning versus Performance
Classical Conditioning
Establishing Conditioned Responses
Extinction-Eliminating Conditioned Response
Generalization and Discrimination
Applications of Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Reinforcement Procedures
Shaping New Responses
Techniques for Decreasing Rates of Inappropriate Responses
Extinction
Timeout
Response Cost
Concluding thoughts about Punishment
Applications of Behavior Change Techniques
Observational Learning
References
Summary
Practice Quiz
Exercises
5.1 Identifying Terms in Classical Conditioning
5.2 Identifying Reinforcement Schedules
5.3 Identifying Types of Reinforcers
Chapter 6 Cognitive Psychology
Objectives
Preview
Thinking as Computation
Key Terms
Attention
Memory
What Memory is Not
Working Memory
Long Term Memory
Retrieval and Forgetting
Amnesia
Mnemonic Techniques
Problem Solving
Obstacles to Successful Problem Solving
Reasoning
Decision Making
Risky Decisions
Intelligence, Real and Artificial
Artificial Intelligence
The Cognitive Influence on Psychology
References
Summary
Practice Quiz
Exercises
6.1 Identifying Memory Storage Systems
6.2 Demonstrating a Levels-of-Processing Effect Using Incidental Learning Tasks
6.3 Demonstrating the Serial Position Effect
Chapter 7 Child Development
Learning Objectives
Preview
Key Terms
The Concept of Development
The Definition of Development
Rationale to Study Children and Development
Principles of Child Development
Biological Foundations of Development
Prenatal Development
The Perinatal Period
Infant Behavior
Cognitive Development
Jean Piaget’s Cognitive-Developmental Theory
The Information-Processing Approach
Social and Emotional Processes
Expressing and Understanding Emotions
The Origins of the Social and Emotional Relationship
The Family and Parenting
Parenting Styles
Discipline
References
Summary
Practice Quiz
Exercises
7.1 Observing a Child
7.2 Testing Conservation
7.3 Observing Attachment
Chapter 8 Adolescence Adulthood
Objectives
Preview
Key Terms
Physical Development in Adolescence
Physical Development in Adulthood
Early Adulthood
Middle Adulthood
Late Adulthood
Cognitive Development in Adolescence
Formal Operational Thought
Adolescent Egocentrism
Moral Development
Morality as the Product of Reasoning
Cognitive Development in Adulthood
Changes in Thinking and Memory Abilities
Medical Conditions That Negatively Affect Cognitive Abilities
Social Development in Adolescence
Erikson’s Theory
Identity Statuses
Social Development in Adulthood
Young Adulthood
Middle Adulthood
Late Adulthood
Dealing with the Final Stage of Life: Death
Widowhood
References
Summary
Practice Quiz
Exercises
8.1 Adolescent Egocentrism
8.2 The Social Clock Is Ticking
8.3 Do You Want to Know?
Chapter 9 Motivation and Emotion
Objectives
Preview
Key Terms
Motivation
Motivation and Hunger
Eating Disorders
Motivation and Sex Drive
Sexual Differentiation
A Brief History of Human Sexuality
The Sex Researchers
Diversity in Sexual Preference
Social Motives
Achievement
Power
Affiliation
Emotion
Number of Emotions
Universality of Emotions
Identifying Emotions in Ourselves
Identifying Emotions in Others
References
Summary
Practice Quiz
Exercises
9.1 Supermarket Sweep
9.2 Achievement Motive
9.3 Identifying Emotions
Chapter 10 Personality
Learning Objectives
Preview
Key Terms
What is Personality?
The Psychodynamic Approach
The Humantistic Approach
The Trait Approach
The Social Learning or Social Cognitive Approach
Personality: A Definition
The Trait Approach
Allport: The Idiographic and the Nomothetic Approaches
Cattell and the Factor Analytic Approach
Eysenck’s Three-Factor Solution
The “Big Five”
Heredity and Traits
Do Traits Predict Behavior?
The Psychodynamic Approach
The Origins of Freud’s Theory
Instincts
The Structure of Personality
Freud’s Model of the Mind
Personality Development
Defense Mechanisms
The Humanistic Approach
The Self
The Behavioral Approach
Social Cognitive Theory
Locus of Control
Reciprocal Determinism
Personality Tests
Objective Personality Test
References
Summary
Practice Quiz
Exercises
10.1 Personality Analysis
10.2 Personality Psychologists at Lunch
Chapter 11 Abnormal Psychology
Objectives
Preview
Key Terms
Abnormal Psychology
Real World Scenario
Defining Abnormal
Putting the Pieces Together: The Context
Prevalence of Psychological Disorder
Insanity is not a Psychological Disorder
Civil Commitment
Criminal Commitment
Competency to Stand Trial
Diagnostic Criteria: The DSM-5
Issues in Diagnosis
Benefits of Diagnosis
Criticisms of Diagnosis
Labels and Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
Two Warnings
Assessment
Anxiety Disorders
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Panic Disorder
Agoraphobia
Phobias
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Major Depressive Disorder
Explanations for Depression
Suicide
Bipolar Disorder
Schizophrenia
Positive Symptoms
Negative Symptoms
Schizophrenia Subtypes
Facts about Schizophrenia
Explanations for Schizophrenia
Dissociative Disorders
Dissociative Amnesia
Dissociative Fugue
Dissociative Identity Disorder
Personality Disorders
Paranoid Personality Disorder
Antisocial Personality Disorder
Borderline Personality Disorder
Dependent Personality Disorder
References
Summary
Practice Quiz
Exercises
11.1 You Make the Diagnosis
11.2 Characteristics of Abnormality
Chapter 12 Therapy
Objectives
Preview
Key Terms
Therapy
Paradigms of Psychological Disorders and Their Treatments
Demonology
Somatogenesis
Psychogenic Perspective
Housing of People Who Suffer from Mental Illness
Psychoanalytic Therapy
Free Association
Dream Analysis
Psychoanalytic Interpretation
Behavior Therapy
Classical-Conditioning Therapies
Operant Conditioning Therapies
Modeling Therapies
Cognitive Therapies
Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (R-E-B-T)
Aaron Beck’s Cognitive Therapy
Humanistic Therapy
Carl Roger’s Client-Centered Therapy
Gestalt and Existentialism Therapy
The Medical Approach
Drug Therapy
Electroconvulsive Therapy
Psychosurgery
Is Therapy Effective?
Does the Type of Therapy Matter?
Meta-Analysis
Picking a Therapist
References
Summary
Practice Quiz
Exercises
12.1 Therapists at Lunch
12.2 Treatment Dilemmas
12.3 Dream Interpretation
Chapter 13 Health Psychology
Objectives
Preview
Key Terms
What is Health Psychology?
What is Stress?
Sources of Stress
Physiological Reactions to Stress: The General Adaptation Syndrome
Cognitive and Emotional Reactions to Stress
Measuring Stress
Mediators of Stress
Psychophysiological Disorders
Coping with Stress
High-Risk Behaviors That Can Affect Our Well-Being
Risky Sexual Behavior
Smoking
Excess Alcohol Consumption
Eating Habits
Lack of Exercise
Sleep Deprivation
Changing Health Habits
References
Summary
Practice Quiz
Exercises
13.1 Student Stress Scale
13.2 The Hassles and Uplifts Scale
Chapter 14 Social Psychology
Objectives
Preview
Key Terms
Social Cognition
Impression Formation
Attribution Theory
Social Influence
Social Norms
Social Roles
Conformity
Compliance
Obedience
Interpersonal Attraction
Proximity
Similarity
Gain/Loss Theory
Physical Attractiveness
Altruistic Behavior
Norm of Social Responsibility
Norm of Reciprocity
Cost-Reward Approach to Altruism
Emergency Situations
Other Variables in Helping
Aggression
Explaining Aggression
Aggression as an Innate Behavior
Aggression as a Learned Behavior
References
Summary
Practice Quiz
Exercises
14.1 Breaking a Social Norm
14.2 Sixteen Traits, Part 1
14.3 Sixteen Traits, Part 2
14.4 Aggession in Children’s Television Programming
Chapter 15 Multicultural Psychology
Objectives
Preview
Defining Multiculturalism
History of Multiculturalism
Cultural Psychology
Multiculturalism in the United States
Multiculturalism as the Fourth Force
Psychological Perspectives in Multiculturalism
Why is Multiculturalism Important to Psychology?
Collectivistic Versus Individualistic Cultures
Acculturation
Social Roles in Culture
Prejudice, Stereotyping, and Discrimination
Discrimination
Critical Thinking Questions
Is Diversity and Multiculturalism the Same?
Future of Multiculturalism
Chapter Summary
References
Index
Keisha Love is currently the Associate Provost for Faculty Development and Special Initiatives in the Office of the Provost at The University of Cincinnati. Previously, she was Chair of the Department of Psychology at Kennesaw State University. She received her B.S. in Psychology from Kentucky State University, her M.S. in Counseling Psychology from the University of Kentucky, and her Ph.D. from the University of Missouri-Kansas City. A licensed psychologist, Dr. Love’s research and clinical work focuses on the mental health of African American women, racism and sexism in academia, and the psychological and emotional well-being of college students of color. Dr. Love has taught Abnormal Psychology, Psychopathology, Career Counseling, Cognitive Assessment, Practicum, and Ethical-Legal Issues in Psychology.
Nicole Martin is an Associate Professor of Psychology at Kennesaw State University. She received her B.A. in Anthropology and Sociology from Mills College. She went on to earn an M.A. in Marriage, Family, and Child Counseling from Golden Gate University, and an M.S. and Ph.D in developmental psychology from the University of New Mexico. Her primary research areas are on emotional development in infants and toddlers and the adjustment to parenthood through international adoption. She teaches Lifespan Development, Infant and Child Development, Human Sexuality, Research Methods, and Senior Capstone courses.
Tim Martin is an Associate Professor of psychology at Kennesaw State University. He has BA and MA degrees in psychology from New Mexico State University, and a Ph.D in psychology, with an emphasis in cognitive neuroscience, from the University of New Mexico. He was a post-doctoral fellow at the University of Rochester from 2006-2009. He teaches courses in physiological and cognitive psychology, sensation and perception, research methods and statistics. His research interests include attention, perception, and the relationship between brain dynamics and cognitive models of simple tasks.
Corinne McNamara is an Associate Professor of psychology at Kennesaw State University. She earned her undergraduate degree in psychology from the University of Mississippi. After earning her MA in neuroscience from Baylor University, Dr. McNamara returned to the University of Mississippi, where she earned her PhD in experimental psychology. Her primary interests are in neuropsychology and interpersonal violence research. Dr. McNamara teaches courses in introductory psychology, research methods and statistics, and physiological psychology.
Lauren Taglialatela is an Associate Professor at Kennesaw State University. She has a BA from Furman University and MA and PhD degrees from Georgia State University, with an emphasis in cognitive psychology. Her primary research interests are incorporation of cognitive principles into the classroom and the utilization and efficacy of conservation messages in informal learning spaces. She teaches Research Methods, Experimental Psychology, Learning & Behavior, Cognitive Psychology, and Senior Seminar.
Danelle Stevens-Watkins is an Associate Professor of Counseling Psychology and faculty affiliate for the Center on Drug and Alcohol Research at the University of Kentucky. She has a BA in Psychology from the Univeristy of Louisville and a MA in Clinical Psychology from Spalding University. She completed her Ph.D. in 2008 from the University of Kentucky. She was an assistant professor at Spalding University from 2009–2013. Dr. Stevens-Watkins’s primary research areas are related to African American health broadly defined. She teaches Multicultural Psychology, Substance Abuse Counseling and Post-Master’s Clinical Practicum.
Stacey Williams is a Lecturer of Psychology at Kennesaw State University. She received her B.A, in Psychology from the University of South Carolina, and a M.A. in Educational Psychology after moving to Georgia. She teaches Introductory Psychology , Social Psychology, Lifespan Developmental Psychology and Diversity.
Juliann Bosko Young is a Psychology Faculty Member at Cincinnati State Technical and Community College. She earned her B.A. from the University of Kentucky, her M.A. from Miami University and her Ph.D. from Capella University. Dr. Young’s primary research interests relate to cross-cultural adaptation, retention and persistence of students during sociocultural transitions, and college student leadership. She teaches a wide variety of psychology classes including Social Psychology, Lifespan Psychology, Psychology of Leadership, and Applied Leadership Theories.
General Psychology: The Science of the Mind is a state-of-the-art introduction to the field of psychology that is written to the interests and needs of today’s students.
More than just a textbook, General Psychology fuses a workbook within the framework of the text — encouraging students to not only be passive readers of psychology, but also active “doers” of psychology.
General Psychology: The Science of the Mind:
- Promotes active learning! Stimulating exercises motivate critical thinking, “hands on” applications actively connect students to the science of psychology, and quizzes enable students to monitor their progress.
- Is updated! The authors have focused on the science of psychology and have woven themes of diversity throughout the book. An extensively revised chapter on Research Methods focuses on descriptive, correlational, quasi-experimental, and experimental designs and includes discussions of ethics for humans and nonhuman animals, sampling techniques, and an introduction to descriptive and inferential statistics. Current examples of psychological concepts in each chapter -bring the material alive.
- Is practical! The text discusses the Big Five Personality Traits and explores the roles that heredity and social influences play in our personality. Greater emphasis was placed on the ways in which psychology is used in everyday life.
- Is Interactive! An accompanying website includes web exercises, video links, interactive flash cards, PowerPoint presentations, test questions, and more.
Chapter 1 Psychology: The Science of the Mind and Behavior
Learning Objectives
Preview
Key Terms
What Is Psychology
The Four Goals of Psycholog
Origins and History of Psychology
Perspectives of Human Behavior
Evolutionary perspective
Psychodynamic Perspective
Behavioral/Learning Perspective
Humanistic Perspective
Cognitive
Biological Perspective
Sociocultural Perspective
Evaluation of the Perspectives
The Profession and Practice of Psychology
Specialties of Psychology
Education of a Psychologist
Employment Settings and Tasks
About the Rest of This Book
References
Summary
Practice Quiz
Exercises
1.1 Identifying Perspectives
1.2 The Scientific Viewpoint of Psychology
Exercise 1.3
Chapter 2 Research Methods
Learning Objectives
Preview
Key Terms
Psychology as a science
Thinking like a Scientist: Be Skeptical and Sourceful
Question your thoughts and your conclusions
Think about the quality of the Information
Conduct a thorough search for information
Revisit and re-evaluate information and use new information to rethink your conclusions
The Scientific Method
Hypothesize
Operationalize
Measure
Evaluate
Report, Revise, Replicate
The Purposes of Research
Research Participants
Ethics
Rational for Selecting a Representative Sample
Research Designs
Experimental Designs
Correlational Research Methods
Descriptive Design
Data Collection Strategies
Observational Techniques
Survey
Using Statistics to Summarize and Draw Conclusions
Descriptive Statistics
Inferential Statistics
References
Summary
Practice Quiz
Exercises
2.1 Identifying Variables in Experiments
2.2 Identifying Research Methods
2.3 Research Design
Chapter 3 Biopsychology
Objectives
Preview
Key Terms
Research Methods in Biopsychology
Neurophysiology
Neuroanatomy
Sleep and Dreaming
Stages of Sleep
Questions about Dreaming
Theories of Dreaming
References
Summary
Practice Quiz
Exercises
3.1 Identifying Methods for Studying the Brain
3.2 Identifying Brain Regions
3.3 Identifying the Parts of a Neuron
Chapter 4 Sensation and Perception
Learning Objectives
Preview
Key Terms
Sensation and Perception
History and Methods
The New Psychophysics
Signal Detection Theory
Perceptual Adaptation
Perceptual Constancy
Perceptual Contrast
Perceptual Integration
Vision
The Stimulus for Vision
The Human Eye
Pathways to the Brain
Color Vision
Hearing
The Stimulus for Hearing
The Auditory System
Coding for Pitch
The Other Senses
Somatosensation
The Chemical Senses: Taste and Smell
Object Perception
Gestalt Psychology
Depth Perception
References
Summary
Practice Quiz
Exercises
4.1 Identifying Depth Cues
4.2 Illusory Size Judgments
4.3 Top-Down Processing
Chapter 5 Learning
Objectives
Preview
Key Terms
Learning as Behavior Change
Learning versus Performance
Classical Conditioning
Establishing Conditioned Responses
Extinction-Eliminating Conditioned Response
Generalization and Discrimination
Applications of Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Reinforcement Procedures
Shaping New Responses
Techniques for Decreasing Rates of Inappropriate Responses
Extinction
Timeout
Response Cost
Concluding thoughts about Punishment
Applications of Behavior Change Techniques
Observational Learning
References
Summary
Practice Quiz
Exercises
5.1 Identifying Terms in Classical Conditioning
5.2 Identifying Reinforcement Schedules
5.3 Identifying Types of Reinforcers
Chapter 6 Cognitive Psychology
Objectives
Preview
Thinking as Computation
Key Terms
Attention
Memory
What Memory is Not
Working Memory
Long Term Memory
Retrieval and Forgetting
Amnesia
Mnemonic Techniques
Problem Solving
Obstacles to Successful Problem Solving
Reasoning
Decision Making
Risky Decisions
Intelligence, Real and Artificial
Artificial Intelligence
The Cognitive Influence on Psychology
References
Summary
Practice Quiz
Exercises
6.1 Identifying Memory Storage Systems
6.2 Demonstrating a Levels-of-Processing Effect Using Incidental Learning Tasks
6.3 Demonstrating the Serial Position Effect
Chapter 7 Child Development
Learning Objectives
Preview
Key Terms
The Concept of Development
The Definition of Development
Rationale to Study Children and Development
Principles of Child Development
Biological Foundations of Development
Prenatal Development
The Perinatal Period
Infant Behavior
Cognitive Development
Jean Piaget’s Cognitive-Developmental Theory
The Information-Processing Approach
Social and Emotional Processes
Expressing and Understanding Emotions
The Origins of the Social and Emotional Relationship
The Family and Parenting
Parenting Styles
Discipline
References
Summary
Practice Quiz
Exercises
7.1 Observing a Child
7.2 Testing Conservation
7.3 Observing Attachment
Chapter 8 Adolescence Adulthood
Objectives
Preview
Key Terms
Physical Development in Adolescence
Physical Development in Adulthood
Early Adulthood
Middle Adulthood
Late Adulthood
Cognitive Development in Adolescence
Formal Operational Thought
Adolescent Egocentrism
Moral Development
Morality as the Product of Reasoning
Cognitive Development in Adulthood
Changes in Thinking and Memory Abilities
Medical Conditions That Negatively Affect Cognitive Abilities
Social Development in Adolescence
Erikson’s Theory
Identity Statuses
Social Development in Adulthood
Young Adulthood
Middle Adulthood
Late Adulthood
Dealing with the Final Stage of Life: Death
Widowhood
References
Summary
Practice Quiz
Exercises
8.1 Adolescent Egocentrism
8.2 The Social Clock Is Ticking
8.3 Do You Want to Know?
Chapter 9 Motivation and Emotion
Objectives
Preview
Key Terms
Motivation
Motivation and Hunger
Eating Disorders
Motivation and Sex Drive
Sexual Differentiation
A Brief History of Human Sexuality
The Sex Researchers
Diversity in Sexual Preference
Social Motives
Achievement
Power
Affiliation
Emotion
Number of Emotions
Universality of Emotions
Identifying Emotions in Ourselves
Identifying Emotions in Others
References
Summary
Practice Quiz
Exercises
9.1 Supermarket Sweep
9.2 Achievement Motive
9.3 Identifying Emotions
Chapter 10 Personality
Learning Objectives
Preview
Key Terms
What is Personality?
The Psychodynamic Approach
The Humantistic Approach
The Trait Approach
The Social Learning or Social Cognitive Approach
Personality: A Definition
The Trait Approach
Allport: The Idiographic and the Nomothetic Approaches
Cattell and the Factor Analytic Approach
Eysenck’s Three-Factor Solution
The “Big Five”
Heredity and Traits
Do Traits Predict Behavior?
The Psychodynamic Approach
The Origins of Freud’s Theory
Instincts
The Structure of Personality
Freud’s Model of the Mind
Personality Development
Defense Mechanisms
The Humanistic Approach
The Self
The Behavioral Approach
Social Cognitive Theory
Locus of Control
Reciprocal Determinism
Personality Tests
Objective Personality Test
References
Summary
Practice Quiz
Exercises
10.1 Personality Analysis
10.2 Personality Psychologists at Lunch
Chapter 11 Abnormal Psychology
Objectives
Preview
Key Terms
Abnormal Psychology
Real World Scenario
Defining Abnormal
Putting the Pieces Together: The Context
Prevalence of Psychological Disorder
Insanity is not a Psychological Disorder
Civil Commitment
Criminal Commitment
Competency to Stand Trial
Diagnostic Criteria: The DSM-5
Issues in Diagnosis
Benefits of Diagnosis
Criticisms of Diagnosis
Labels and Self-Fulfilling Prophecies
Two Warnings
Assessment
Anxiety Disorders
Generalized Anxiety Disorder
Panic Disorder
Agoraphobia
Phobias
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Major Depressive Disorder
Explanations for Depression
Suicide
Bipolar Disorder
Schizophrenia
Positive Symptoms
Negative Symptoms
Schizophrenia Subtypes
Facts about Schizophrenia
Explanations for Schizophrenia
Dissociative Disorders
Dissociative Amnesia
Dissociative Fugue
Dissociative Identity Disorder
Personality Disorders
Paranoid Personality Disorder
Antisocial Personality Disorder
Borderline Personality Disorder
Dependent Personality Disorder
References
Summary
Practice Quiz
Exercises
11.1 You Make the Diagnosis
11.2 Characteristics of Abnormality
Chapter 12 Therapy
Objectives
Preview
Key Terms
Therapy
Paradigms of Psychological Disorders and Their Treatments
Demonology
Somatogenesis
Psychogenic Perspective
Housing of People Who Suffer from Mental Illness
Psychoanalytic Therapy
Free Association
Dream Analysis
Psychoanalytic Interpretation
Behavior Therapy
Classical-Conditioning Therapies
Operant Conditioning Therapies
Modeling Therapies
Cognitive Therapies
Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (R-E-B-T)
Aaron Beck’s Cognitive Therapy
Humanistic Therapy
Carl Roger’s Client-Centered Therapy
Gestalt and Existentialism Therapy
The Medical Approach
Drug Therapy
Electroconvulsive Therapy
Psychosurgery
Is Therapy Effective?
Does the Type of Therapy Matter?
Meta-Analysis
Picking a Therapist
References
Summary
Practice Quiz
Exercises
12.1 Therapists at Lunch
12.2 Treatment Dilemmas
12.3 Dream Interpretation
Chapter 13 Health Psychology
Objectives
Preview
Key Terms
What is Health Psychology?
What is Stress?
Sources of Stress
Physiological Reactions to Stress: The General Adaptation Syndrome
Cognitive and Emotional Reactions to Stress
Measuring Stress
Mediators of Stress
Psychophysiological Disorders
Coping with Stress
High-Risk Behaviors That Can Affect Our Well-Being
Risky Sexual Behavior
Smoking
Excess Alcohol Consumption
Eating Habits
Lack of Exercise
Sleep Deprivation
Changing Health Habits
References
Summary
Practice Quiz
Exercises
13.1 Student Stress Scale
13.2 The Hassles and Uplifts Scale
Chapter 14 Social Psychology
Objectives
Preview
Key Terms
Social Cognition
Impression Formation
Attribution Theory
Social Influence
Social Norms
Social Roles
Conformity
Compliance
Obedience
Interpersonal Attraction
Proximity
Similarity
Gain/Loss Theory
Physical Attractiveness
Altruistic Behavior
Norm of Social Responsibility
Norm of Reciprocity
Cost-Reward Approach to Altruism
Emergency Situations
Other Variables in Helping
Aggression
Explaining Aggression
Aggression as an Innate Behavior
Aggression as a Learned Behavior
References
Summary
Practice Quiz
Exercises
14.1 Breaking a Social Norm
14.2 Sixteen Traits, Part 1
14.3 Sixteen Traits, Part 2
14.4 Aggession in Children’s Television Programming
Chapter 15 Multicultural Psychology
Objectives
Preview
Defining Multiculturalism
History of Multiculturalism
Cultural Psychology
Multiculturalism in the United States
Multiculturalism as the Fourth Force
Psychological Perspectives in Multiculturalism
Why is Multiculturalism Important to Psychology?
Collectivistic Versus Individualistic Cultures
Acculturation
Social Roles in Culture
Prejudice, Stereotyping, and Discrimination
Discrimination
Critical Thinking Questions
Is Diversity and Multiculturalism the Same?
Future of Multiculturalism
Chapter Summary
References
Index
Keisha Love is currently the Associate Provost for Faculty Development and Special Initiatives in the Office of the Provost at The University of Cincinnati. Previously, she was Chair of the Department of Psychology at Kennesaw State University. She received her B.S. in Psychology from Kentucky State University, her M.S. in Counseling Psychology from the University of Kentucky, and her Ph.D. from the University of Missouri-Kansas City. A licensed psychologist, Dr. Love’s research and clinical work focuses on the mental health of African American women, racism and sexism in academia, and the psychological and emotional well-being of college students of color. Dr. Love has taught Abnormal Psychology, Psychopathology, Career Counseling, Cognitive Assessment, Practicum, and Ethical-Legal Issues in Psychology.
Nicole Martin is an Associate Professor of Psychology at Kennesaw State University. She received her B.A. in Anthropology and Sociology from Mills College. She went on to earn an M.A. in Marriage, Family, and Child Counseling from Golden Gate University, and an M.S. and Ph.D in developmental psychology from the University of New Mexico. Her primary research areas are on emotional development in infants and toddlers and the adjustment to parenthood through international adoption. She teaches Lifespan Development, Infant and Child Development, Human Sexuality, Research Methods, and Senior Capstone courses.
Tim Martin is an Associate Professor of psychology at Kennesaw State University. He has BA and MA degrees in psychology from New Mexico State University, and a Ph.D in psychology, with an emphasis in cognitive neuroscience, from the University of New Mexico. He was a post-doctoral fellow at the University of Rochester from 2006-2009. He teaches courses in physiological and cognitive psychology, sensation and perception, research methods and statistics. His research interests include attention, perception, and the relationship between brain dynamics and cognitive models of simple tasks.
Corinne McNamara is an Associate Professor of psychology at Kennesaw State University. She earned her undergraduate degree in psychology from the University of Mississippi. After earning her MA in neuroscience from Baylor University, Dr. McNamara returned to the University of Mississippi, where she earned her PhD in experimental psychology. Her primary interests are in neuropsychology and interpersonal violence research. Dr. McNamara teaches courses in introductory psychology, research methods and statistics, and physiological psychology.
Lauren Taglialatela is an Associate Professor at Kennesaw State University. She has a BA from Furman University and MA and PhD degrees from Georgia State University, with an emphasis in cognitive psychology. Her primary research interests are incorporation of cognitive principles into the classroom and the utilization and efficacy of conservation messages in informal learning spaces. She teaches Research Methods, Experimental Psychology, Learning & Behavior, Cognitive Psychology, and Senior Seminar.
Danelle Stevens-Watkins is an Associate Professor of Counseling Psychology and faculty affiliate for the Center on Drug and Alcohol Research at the University of Kentucky. She has a BA in Psychology from the Univeristy of Louisville and a MA in Clinical Psychology from Spalding University. She completed her Ph.D. in 2008 from the University of Kentucky. She was an assistant professor at Spalding University from 2009–2013. Dr. Stevens-Watkins’s primary research areas are related to African American health broadly defined. She teaches Multicultural Psychology, Substance Abuse Counseling and Post-Master’s Clinical Practicum.
Stacey Williams is a Lecturer of Psychology at Kennesaw State University. She received her B.A, in Psychology from the University of South Carolina, and a M.A. in Educational Psychology after moving to Georgia. She teaches Introductory Psychology , Social Psychology, Lifespan Developmental Psychology and Diversity.
Juliann Bosko Young is a Psychology Faculty Member at Cincinnati State Technical and Community College. She earned her B.A. from the University of Kentucky, her M.A. from Miami University and her Ph.D. from Capella University. Dr. Young’s primary research interests relate to cross-cultural adaptation, retention and persistence of students during sociocultural transitions, and college student leadership. She teaches a wide variety of psychology classes including Social Psychology, Lifespan Psychology, Psychology of Leadership, and Applied Leadership Theories.