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Healthy Sexuality

Healthy Sexuality

Author(s): RICHARD BLONNA , Lillian Carter

Edition: 4

Copyright: 2017

Pages: 610

Edition: 4

Copyright: 2017

Pages: 610

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Healthy Sexuality illustrates human sexuality to overall health and wellness. Sexuality impacts physical, intellectual, emotional, social, spiritual, and environmental/occupational health and well-being in a myriad of ways. It’s a key component of personality, identity and mental health. It also give a unique sense of interconnectedness with other humans, and the cycle of life.

A thoroughly researched and referenced text, Healthy Sexuality provides the reader with multiple opportunities to apply the content to their own lives and personal sexuality. This book strives to be neutral and unbiased and seeks to promote tolerance and understanding of all sexual lifestyles and belief systems.

Healthy Sexuality features:

  • Marginal Definitions, Thought Questions, Personal Exploration Activities, and Sex in Society Boxes to illustrate the connection between sexuality and health.
  • Case Studies throughout each chapter that cover a diverse cross section of people and health issues, illustrating how the material in the chapter connects to real individuals in everyday situations.
  • Healthy Sex Hints within each chapter are practical, step-by-step suggestions for achieving optimal sexual health and well-being related to issues presented.
  • Wellness Syntheses tie the chapter content to the six dimensions of health and wellness—physical, intellectual, emotional, social, spiritual, and environmental/occupational—in a meaningful way.

Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Authors

Chapter 1
Exploring Healthy Sexuality
Our Sexual Climate
Factors That Contribute to Our Sexuality
Family
Friends
Culture
Popular Culture
K–12 Schools
College
Evaluating Sexuality Research
Research Methods and Sources of Information
Sexuality Researchers
A Wellness Approach to Understanding Sexuality
Health and Wellness Defined
The Six Dimensions of Wellness
Wellness and Human Sexuality
Health Challenges

Chapter 2
Female Sexual Anatomy and Physiology
External Female Sexual Structures
Mons Veneris
Labia Majora
Labia Minora
Clitoris
Vestibule
Urethral Opening
Hymen and Introitus
Perineum
Anus
Underlying Structures
Breasts
Mammary Glands
Fatty Tissue
Areola and Nipple
Internal Female Sexual Structures
Urethra and Bladder
Vagina
Uterus
Cervix
Fallopian Tubes
Ovaries
Reproductive Physiology
Ovarian Cycle
Menstrual or Uterine Cycle
Menopause
Interacting with Health Care Practitioners
Health Issues
Endometriosis
Breast Cancer
Vaginitis
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
Dysmenorrhea

Chapter 3
Male Sexual Anatomy and Physiology
External Male Sexual Structures
Penis
Scrotum
Perineum
Anus
Breasts
Internal Male Sexual Structures
Testes
Epididymis
Vas Deferens
Seminal Vesicles
Prostate Gland
Cowper’s Glands
Diseases and Disorders Related to Male Sexual Anatomy
Prostatitis
Testicular Cancer

Chapter 4
Sexual Identity
Continua of Sexuality
Biological Sex
Sexual Differentiation
Chromosomal Level
In Utero Development
Birth
Childhood
Adolescence
Adulthood
Sexual Orientation
Theories of Sexual Orientation
Labels and Categories
Atypical Paths of Development

Chapter 5
Child and Adolescent Sexuality
Traditional Theories of Personality
Behaviorism: John Watson
Humanism: Abraham Maslow
Psychoanalytic Theory: Sigmund Freud
Eight Stages of Development: Erik Erikson
Early Development
Bonding
Other Forms of Physical Intimacy
Self-Exploration and Masturbation
Nudity
Development in Early Childhood
Development in Childhood
Development in Preadolescence
Development in Adolescence
Primary Sex Characteristics
Secondary Sex Characteristics
Body Image Issues
Adolescent Sexuality
Cultural Attitudes about Adolescent Sexuality
Education and Sexual Development
Communication about Adolescent Sexuality

Chapter 6
Adult Sexuality
Forming Friendships
Dating and Intimate Relationships
College Sexual Standards and Relationships
Hooking Up
Sexual Behavior among College Students
Cohabitating
Married
Adult Sexual Behavior
Masturbation and Sexual Intercourse in Adulthood
Adult Relationships
Singlehood
Cohabitation
Marriage
Ingredients for a Healthy, Happy Relationship
Common Marital Issues and Problems
Long-Term Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Relationships
Sexuality in Older Adults
Sexual Response and Aging
Marital Satisfaction
Divorce
Widowhood

Chapter 7
Human Sexual Response
Physiology of Sexual Response
The Nervous System and Sexual Response
The Central Nervous System (Brain and Spinal Cord)
The Peripheral Nervous System
Endocrine System
Sex Hormones
The Interaction between the Nervous and Endocrine Systems
The Chemicals of Sex
Models of Sexual Response
Masters and Johnson Four Phase Model
Kaplan’s Triphasic Model of Sexual Response
Criticisms of Kaplan’s and Masters’ and Johnson’s Models
Stayton’s Spiritual/ Theological Model
Basson’s Model

Chapter 8
Sensuality and Sexual Behavior
Sensuality
Developing Sensuality
Types of Sexual Behavior
Celibacy and Abstinence
Non-Penetrative Sexual Activity
Kissing
Hugging/Rubbing
Massage
Masturbation
Sexual Intercourse
Vaginal Intercourse
Anal Intercourse
Oral Sex

Chapter 9
Sexual Variations
Paraphilias
Exhibitionistic Disorder
Voyeuristic Disorder
Fetishistic Disorder
Frotteuristic Disorder
Pedophilic Disorder
Sexual Masochism Disorder
Sexual Sadism Disorder
Transvestic Disorder
The Origin and Treatment of Atypical Sexual Behavior
Ethical Considerations
Etiology
Treatment

Chapter 10
Intimate Relationships
Establishing Relationships
Meeting People
Shyness
Where and How to Meet People
Choosing a Partner
Attraction
Sexual Chemistry
Compatibility
Maintaining Healthy Relationships
Jealousy
Love
Sexual Activity within Relationships
Abusive Relationships
Sexual Orientation and Relationships
Breaking Up and Ending Relationships

Chapter 11
Sexual Communication
Communication
Forms of Communication
One-Way Communication
Two-Way Communication
Verbal Communication
Nonverbal Communication
Body Language
Physical Appearance
Silence
Touch
Space
Initiating Skills
Nonverbal Initiating Skills
Verbal Initiating Skills
Listening Skills
Responding Skills
Open-Ended Statements
Paraphrasing
Mirroring
Yes/No Questions
Barriers to Sexual Communication
Failing to Initiate
Inappropriate Time and Place
Lack of Specificity
Failing to Listen Actively
Lack of Assertiveness
Saying Yes When We Mean No
Failing to Make Requests
Digital Communication

Chapter 12
Sexual Dysfunction, Sex Therapy, and Sexual Enhancement
Physical/Medical Causes of Sexual Dysfunction
Cardiovascular Disease
Other Diseases
Injuries and Surgery
Substance-Induced Sexual Dysfunction
Prescription Drug Interactions
Psychotropic Drugs
Cautions
Psychological Causes of Sexual Dysfunction
Prior Learning
Prior Learning Factors Relating to Childhood Development
Immediate Causes
Types of Sexual Dysfunctions
Dysfunction versus Disinterest
Sexual Desire Disorders
Sexual Arousal Disorders
Orgasmic Disorders
Sexual Pain Disorders
A Survey of Sexual Dysfunction
A New Paradigm for Understanding Sexual Dysfunction
Treating Sexual Dysfunctions
Treating Sexual Dysfunction Related to Medical Conditions
Treating Drug-Induced Sexual Dysfunction
Treating Psychosocially Based Sexual Dysfunction
Permission-Giving
Information-Giving
Specific Suggestions
Self-Awareness

Chapter 13
Human Reproduction
To Parent or Not to Parent
The Menstrual Cycle and Ovulation
Conception
Infertility
Preconception
Pregnancy
Gestation
Physical, Psychological, and Social Effects of Pregnancy
Sexual Activity during Pregnancy
Prenatal Care
Substances to Avoid during Pregnancy
Prenatal Screening
Childbirth
The Childbirth Process
Delivery Options
Postpartum
Breastfeeding

Chapter 14
Fertility Control
Effectiveness: Perfect Use and Typical Use
Choosing a Method
Contraceptive Effectiveness
Intrauterine Devices
Hormonal Contraceptives
Emergency Contraception—Back up for Contraception Failure
Male Condom
Diaphragm
Coitus Interruptus (Withdrawal; Pulling Out)
Vaginal Contraceptive Sponge
Spermicides
Fertility Awareness
Non-penetrative Sexual Relea
Future Methods for Males
Permanent Birth Control
Terminating an Established Pregnancy1
Surgical Abortions
Medication Abortions
After the Abortion

Chapter 15
Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)
Introduction
STD Transmission, Signs, and Symptoms
Diagnosis and Epidemiology of Common STDs
Genital Warts (HPV)
Chlamydia
Genital Herpes Infection
HIV/AIDS
Gonorrhea
Syphilis
Other Minor STDs
Chancroid
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
Non-gonococcal Urethritis (NGU)
Pubic Lice
Scabies
STD Prevention and Risk Reduction
Sexual/Medical History
Sexual Relationships
Sexual Behavior
A Closer Look at Sexual Behaviors and STD Risk
Using the Pyramid to Reduce Risks

Chapter 16
Sexual Assault
Sexual Assault
Rape
Characteristics of Rapists
Incidence of Sexual Assualt and Rape
Sexual Assault among College Students
Drinking and Sexual Assault
Other Date Rape Drugs
Stranger Rape
Marital Rape
Statutory Rape
Sexual Harassment
Conditions of Sexual Harassment
Sexual Harassment in College
Child Sexual Abuse
Risks for Child Sexual Abuse
Incidence of Child Sexual Abuse
Effects of Child Sexual Abuse
Megan’s Law
Strategies to Prevent Child Sexual Abuse

Chapter 17
The Business of Sex
Changes in the 1960s–1980s
Changes since 1990
The Flattening of the World
Subscriber Internet Services
Computer, Video, and Virtual Reality
Pornography, Erotica, and Obscenity
Pornography
Erotica
Obscenity
Prostitution
Street Prostitution
Brothels
Massage Parlors
Escort Services
Exotic Dancers, Strippers, and Live Sex Performers
Tech Sex
Telephone Sex
Commercial Television
Cable Television and DVDs
Effects of Pornography and Sexually Explicit Material

Index

RICHARD BLONNA
RICHARD BLONNA, ED.D, CHES, NCC, has been teaching human sexuality for more than 20 years. His initial work in the field was in education and control of sexually transmitted diseases. He served as an STD investigator, counselor, supervisor, and trainer for the New Jersey State Department of Health (NJSDH) STD Control Program. He also worked for the NJSDH as a health education consultant for the AIDS and family planning programs. He has taught human sexuality at Temple University and, most recently, William Paterson University, where he also teaches health counseling, epidemiology, and stress management.
Lillian Carter
LILLIAN COOK CARTER, PH.D, CHES has been teaching human sexuality at the university level for more than 30 years. She is a health educator at Towson University teaching human sexuality, mental health and stress reduction, and wellness.

Healthy Sexuality illustrates human sexuality to overall health and wellness. Sexuality impacts physical, intellectual, emotional, social, spiritual, and environmental/occupational health and well-being in a myriad of ways. It’s a key component of personality, identity and mental health. It also give a unique sense of interconnectedness with other humans, and the cycle of life.

A thoroughly researched and referenced text, Healthy Sexuality provides the reader with multiple opportunities to apply the content to their own lives and personal sexuality. This book strives to be neutral and unbiased and seeks to promote tolerance and understanding of all sexual lifestyles and belief systems.

Healthy Sexuality features:

  • Marginal Definitions, Thought Questions, Personal Exploration Activities, and Sex in Society Boxes to illustrate the connection between sexuality and health.
  • Case Studies throughout each chapter that cover a diverse cross section of people and health issues, illustrating how the material in the chapter connects to real individuals in everyday situations.
  • Healthy Sex Hints within each chapter are practical, step-by-step suggestions for achieving optimal sexual health and well-being related to issues presented.
  • Wellness Syntheses tie the chapter content to the six dimensions of health and wellness—physical, intellectual, emotional, social, spiritual, and environmental/occupational—in a meaningful way.

Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Authors

Chapter 1
Exploring Healthy Sexuality
Our Sexual Climate
Factors That Contribute to Our Sexuality
Family
Friends
Culture
Popular Culture
K–12 Schools
College
Evaluating Sexuality Research
Research Methods and Sources of Information
Sexuality Researchers
A Wellness Approach to Understanding Sexuality
Health and Wellness Defined
The Six Dimensions of Wellness
Wellness and Human Sexuality
Health Challenges

Chapter 2
Female Sexual Anatomy and Physiology
External Female Sexual Structures
Mons Veneris
Labia Majora
Labia Minora
Clitoris
Vestibule
Urethral Opening
Hymen and Introitus
Perineum
Anus
Underlying Structures
Breasts
Mammary Glands
Fatty Tissue
Areola and Nipple
Internal Female Sexual Structures
Urethra and Bladder
Vagina
Uterus
Cervix
Fallopian Tubes
Ovaries
Reproductive Physiology
Ovarian Cycle
Menstrual or Uterine Cycle
Menopause
Interacting with Health Care Practitioners
Health Issues
Endometriosis
Breast Cancer
Vaginitis
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
Dysmenorrhea

Chapter 3
Male Sexual Anatomy and Physiology
External Male Sexual Structures
Penis
Scrotum
Perineum
Anus
Breasts
Internal Male Sexual Structures
Testes
Epididymis
Vas Deferens
Seminal Vesicles
Prostate Gland
Cowper’s Glands
Diseases and Disorders Related to Male Sexual Anatomy
Prostatitis
Testicular Cancer

Chapter 4
Sexual Identity
Continua of Sexuality
Biological Sex
Sexual Differentiation
Chromosomal Level
In Utero Development
Birth
Childhood
Adolescence
Adulthood
Sexual Orientation
Theories of Sexual Orientation
Labels and Categories
Atypical Paths of Development

Chapter 5
Child and Adolescent Sexuality
Traditional Theories of Personality
Behaviorism: John Watson
Humanism: Abraham Maslow
Psychoanalytic Theory: Sigmund Freud
Eight Stages of Development: Erik Erikson
Early Development
Bonding
Other Forms of Physical Intimacy
Self-Exploration and Masturbation
Nudity
Development in Early Childhood
Development in Childhood
Development in Preadolescence
Development in Adolescence
Primary Sex Characteristics
Secondary Sex Characteristics
Body Image Issues
Adolescent Sexuality
Cultural Attitudes about Adolescent Sexuality
Education and Sexual Development
Communication about Adolescent Sexuality

Chapter 6
Adult Sexuality
Forming Friendships
Dating and Intimate Relationships
College Sexual Standards and Relationships
Hooking Up
Sexual Behavior among College Students
Cohabitating
Married
Adult Sexual Behavior
Masturbation and Sexual Intercourse in Adulthood
Adult Relationships
Singlehood
Cohabitation
Marriage
Ingredients for a Healthy, Happy Relationship
Common Marital Issues and Problems
Long-Term Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Relationships
Sexuality in Older Adults
Sexual Response and Aging
Marital Satisfaction
Divorce
Widowhood

Chapter 7
Human Sexual Response
Physiology of Sexual Response
The Nervous System and Sexual Response
The Central Nervous System (Brain and Spinal Cord)
The Peripheral Nervous System
Endocrine System
Sex Hormones
The Interaction between the Nervous and Endocrine Systems
The Chemicals of Sex
Models of Sexual Response
Masters and Johnson Four Phase Model
Kaplan’s Triphasic Model of Sexual Response
Criticisms of Kaplan’s and Masters’ and Johnson’s Models
Stayton’s Spiritual/ Theological Model
Basson’s Model

Chapter 8
Sensuality and Sexual Behavior
Sensuality
Developing Sensuality
Types of Sexual Behavior
Celibacy and Abstinence
Non-Penetrative Sexual Activity
Kissing
Hugging/Rubbing
Massage
Masturbation
Sexual Intercourse
Vaginal Intercourse
Anal Intercourse
Oral Sex

Chapter 9
Sexual Variations
Paraphilias
Exhibitionistic Disorder
Voyeuristic Disorder
Fetishistic Disorder
Frotteuristic Disorder
Pedophilic Disorder
Sexual Masochism Disorder
Sexual Sadism Disorder
Transvestic Disorder
The Origin and Treatment of Atypical Sexual Behavior
Ethical Considerations
Etiology
Treatment

Chapter 10
Intimate Relationships
Establishing Relationships
Meeting People
Shyness
Where and How to Meet People
Choosing a Partner
Attraction
Sexual Chemistry
Compatibility
Maintaining Healthy Relationships
Jealousy
Love
Sexual Activity within Relationships
Abusive Relationships
Sexual Orientation and Relationships
Breaking Up and Ending Relationships

Chapter 11
Sexual Communication
Communication
Forms of Communication
One-Way Communication
Two-Way Communication
Verbal Communication
Nonverbal Communication
Body Language
Physical Appearance
Silence
Touch
Space
Initiating Skills
Nonverbal Initiating Skills
Verbal Initiating Skills
Listening Skills
Responding Skills
Open-Ended Statements
Paraphrasing
Mirroring
Yes/No Questions
Barriers to Sexual Communication
Failing to Initiate
Inappropriate Time and Place
Lack of Specificity
Failing to Listen Actively
Lack of Assertiveness
Saying Yes When We Mean No
Failing to Make Requests
Digital Communication

Chapter 12
Sexual Dysfunction, Sex Therapy, and Sexual Enhancement
Physical/Medical Causes of Sexual Dysfunction
Cardiovascular Disease
Other Diseases
Injuries and Surgery
Substance-Induced Sexual Dysfunction
Prescription Drug Interactions
Psychotropic Drugs
Cautions
Psychological Causes of Sexual Dysfunction
Prior Learning
Prior Learning Factors Relating to Childhood Development
Immediate Causes
Types of Sexual Dysfunctions
Dysfunction versus Disinterest
Sexual Desire Disorders
Sexual Arousal Disorders
Orgasmic Disorders
Sexual Pain Disorders
A Survey of Sexual Dysfunction
A New Paradigm for Understanding Sexual Dysfunction
Treating Sexual Dysfunctions
Treating Sexual Dysfunction Related to Medical Conditions
Treating Drug-Induced Sexual Dysfunction
Treating Psychosocially Based Sexual Dysfunction
Permission-Giving
Information-Giving
Specific Suggestions
Self-Awareness

Chapter 13
Human Reproduction
To Parent or Not to Parent
The Menstrual Cycle and Ovulation
Conception
Infertility
Preconception
Pregnancy
Gestation
Physical, Psychological, and Social Effects of Pregnancy
Sexual Activity during Pregnancy
Prenatal Care
Substances to Avoid during Pregnancy
Prenatal Screening
Childbirth
The Childbirth Process
Delivery Options
Postpartum
Breastfeeding

Chapter 14
Fertility Control
Effectiveness: Perfect Use and Typical Use
Choosing a Method
Contraceptive Effectiveness
Intrauterine Devices
Hormonal Contraceptives
Emergency Contraception—Back up for Contraception Failure
Male Condom
Diaphragm
Coitus Interruptus (Withdrawal; Pulling Out)
Vaginal Contraceptive Sponge
Spermicides
Fertility Awareness
Non-penetrative Sexual Relea
Future Methods for Males
Permanent Birth Control
Terminating an Established Pregnancy1
Surgical Abortions
Medication Abortions
After the Abortion

Chapter 15
Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)
Introduction
STD Transmission, Signs, and Symptoms
Diagnosis and Epidemiology of Common STDs
Genital Warts (HPV)
Chlamydia
Genital Herpes Infection
HIV/AIDS
Gonorrhea
Syphilis
Other Minor STDs
Chancroid
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
Non-gonococcal Urethritis (NGU)
Pubic Lice
Scabies
STD Prevention and Risk Reduction
Sexual/Medical History
Sexual Relationships
Sexual Behavior
A Closer Look at Sexual Behaviors and STD Risk
Using the Pyramid to Reduce Risks

Chapter 16
Sexual Assault
Sexual Assault
Rape
Characteristics of Rapists
Incidence of Sexual Assualt and Rape
Sexual Assault among College Students
Drinking and Sexual Assault
Other Date Rape Drugs
Stranger Rape
Marital Rape
Statutory Rape
Sexual Harassment
Conditions of Sexual Harassment
Sexual Harassment in College
Child Sexual Abuse
Risks for Child Sexual Abuse
Incidence of Child Sexual Abuse
Effects of Child Sexual Abuse
Megan’s Law
Strategies to Prevent Child Sexual Abuse

Chapter 17
The Business of Sex
Changes in the 1960s–1980s
Changes since 1990
The Flattening of the World
Subscriber Internet Services
Computer, Video, and Virtual Reality
Pornography, Erotica, and Obscenity
Pornography
Erotica
Obscenity
Prostitution
Street Prostitution
Brothels
Massage Parlors
Escort Services
Exotic Dancers, Strippers, and Live Sex Performers
Tech Sex
Telephone Sex
Commercial Television
Cable Television and DVDs
Effects of Pornography and Sexually Explicit Material

Index

RICHARD BLONNA
RICHARD BLONNA
RICHARD BLONNA, ED.D, CHES, NCC, has been teaching human sexuality for more than 20 years. His initial work in the field was in education and control of sexually transmitted diseases. He served as an STD investigator, counselor, supervisor, and trainer for the New Jersey State Department of Health (NJSDH) STD Control Program. He also worked for the NJSDH as a health education consultant for the AIDS and family planning programs. He has taught human sexuality at Temple University and, most recently, William Paterson University, where he also teaches health counseling, epidemiology, and stress management.
Lillian Carter
Lillian Carter
LILLIAN COOK CARTER, PH.D, CHES has been teaching human sexuality at the university level for more than 30 years. She is a health educator at Towson University teaching human sexuality, mental health and stress reduction, and wellness.