A History of Art and Civilization: The Age of Enlightenment and Romanticism Periods

PREFACE
The Pursuit of Beauty
Creating a Picture of the Past
Understanding the Nature of Art
Discovering Our Long Lost Selves
Making a Spiritual Pilgrimage to the Past

CHAPTER 1: THE SCIENTIFIC AND INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTIONS
The Scientific Revolution
Historical Overview
The Scientific Revolution and the Inductive Method
Sir Francis Bacon
René Descartes
Copernicus
Johannes Kepler and Tycho Brahe
Galileo
Sir Isaac Newton
The Legacy of the Scientific Revolution
England’s Industrial Revolution
Historical Overview
The Textile Industry
The Invention of the Steam Engine
Adam Smith’s The Wealth of Nations
Legacy of the Industrial Revolution
Student Exercise
Puzzles from the Past: The Search for Longitude
The Voyages of Captain Cook
Mysterious Easter Island
The Satire of Jonathan Swift
Historical Overview
The Life of Jonathan Swift
Irish History and A Modest Proposal
Gulliver’s Voyages of Self-discovery
Think about It

CHAPTER 2: THE BALANCE OF POWER AND THE AGE OF ROCOCO
The Balance of Power
Historical Overview
The War of the Spanish Succession
The Duke of Marlborough
The Age of Rococo in France
Historical Overview
Rococo Society
Portraits from the Past: Madame de Pompadour
Rococo Fashions and the Decorative Arts
Historical Overview
Rococo Fashions
Masquerades, Patches, and Wigs
Snuffboxes
The Porcelain Craze
French Rococo Painting
Historical Overview
The Shimmering World of Jean-Antoine Watteau
François Boucher
Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin, the French Vermeer
Jean-Honoré Fragonard
Eighteenth-Century English Society and Art
Historical Overview
The Moral World of William Hogarth
Hogarth’s Morality Plays and Prints
Sir Joshua Reynolds
Thomas Gainsborough
Eighteenth-Century Architecture
Historical Overview
Rococo Architecture in Germany
English Neoclassical and Landscape Architecture
English Eighteenth-Century Literature
Alexander Pope
The Rape of the Lock
The Age of Dr. Johnson
Think about It

CHAPTER 3: THE AGE OF REASON AND ENLIGHTENED MONARCHS AND THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION
The Age of Reason The Philosophes
Historical Overview
The English Model
The Encyclopedia
Portraits from the Past: Voltaire, French Cynic
Candide’s Journey of Self-discovery
The Age of the Enlightened Monarchs
Historical Overview
The Rise of Prussia and Russia
The Bronze Horseman
Catherine the Great
Maria Theresa and Joseph II
Frederick the Great
Frederick’s Military Tactics
Struggle for a Global Empire
Historical Overview
The War of the Austrian Succession
The Seven Years War
The American Revolution
Historical Overview
The Advent of Revolution
The Declaration of Independence
An “Affair of the Mind”
The Forging of a New Nation
Historical Overview
The Course of War
The Course of Peace
A Nation Is Born
The Louisiana Purchase and the War of 1812
George Washington
Thomas Jefferson
Benjamin Franklin
Think about It

CHAPTER 4: THE FRENCH REVOLUTION, FRENCH NEOCLASSICAL AND AMERICAN ART, AND CLASSICAL MUSIC
Historical Overview
The Estates General
Court Tennis
Portraits from the Past: Queen Marie Antoinette
The Fall of the Bastille
The Jacobin Club, Robespierre, and the Declaration of the Rights of Man
The Day of the Market Women
The Role of the “Mob”
The Course of Revolution
Historical Overview
The End of the Constitutional Monarchy
From the Republic to the Terror
The Death of Marat and the “De-Christianization” of France
The Death of Marie Antoinette
The End of the Terror
The Neoclassical Style of Art
Historical Overview
Women’s Voices: The Portraits of Marie Elizabet-Louise Vigee-Lebrun
The Politics of Propaganda in the Art of Jacques-Louis David
The Louvre Museum
American Art and Architecture
Historical Overview
American Furniture
American Architecture
American Sculpture
American Painting
Historical Overview
Edward Hicks and Benjamin West
The Flourishing of American Art
The Classical Period of Music
Historical Overview
Franz Joseph Haydn
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Mozart’s Operas
Think about It

CHAPTER 5: THE AGE OF NAPOLEON AND THE RISE OF ROMANTICISM
The Age of Napoleon
Historical Overview
Portraits from the Past: The Rise of Napoleon Bonaparte
The Downfall of Napoleon
Napoleon’s Legacy
The Rise of Romanticism
Historical Overview
Mary Wollstonecraft, William Godwin, and Edwin Burke
David Hume, Thomas Malthus, and Immanuel Kant
German Romanticism and Johann Wolfgang Goethe
Romantic Painting
Historical Overview
The Nightmarish Vision of Francisco de Goya
Jean-Auguste Dominique Ingres
Theodore Gericault and Eugene Delacroix
English Romantic Poetry
Historical Overview
The Poetry of Robert Burns
The Mystical Vision of William Blake
Blake’s Philosophy
William Wordsworth
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
John Keats
Percy Bysshe Shelley
Lord Byron
Think about It

CHAPTER 6: ROMANTIC LANDSCAPE PAINTING AND MUSIC AND THE NINETEENTH-CENTURY NOVEL
Romantic Landscape Painting
Historical Overview
John Constable
Joseph Turner
Caspar David Friedrich
The Transcendentalists
The Hudson River School
Historical Overview
Thomas Cole
Frederic Church
Martin Johnson Heade and Albert Bierstadt
George Catlin’s Portraits of Native Americans
Romantic Music
Historical Overview
Ludwig van Beethoven
Franz Schubert
Fryderyk Chopin
Verdi and Puccini
Richard Wagner
The Waltz and the Ballet
The English Novel
Historical Overview
Women’s Voices: The Novels of Jane Austen, the Brontës, and Mary Shelley
Portraits from the Past: Charles Dickens
A Tale of Two Cities
Victor Hugo and Alexandre Dumas
Think about It

INDEX