Human Physiology
Edition: 1
Copyright: 2021
Pages: 306
Edition: 2
Copyright: 2023
Edition: 2
Copyright: 2023
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This text is designed for pre-allied health courses fulfilling the Human Physiology prerequisite for programs such as nursing, physician assistant, and physical therapy. The content and level of the material presented is based off of discussions with nursing, PA, and PT faculty. Focused, and detailed on the proper content, this text covers everything that students need to be successful as they enter these clinical programs, without excess material that students would have to wade through or skip over. Written in an approachable and engaging writing style, the text guides students through understanding of complex concepts, to application of the material beyond the course.
Chapter 1 Introduction to Human Physiology
1.1 What Is Physiology?
1.2 Connectivity
1.3 Homeostasis
1.4 The Internal Environment of the Body
1.5 Cells, Tissues, Organs, and Systems
1.6 Organ Systems
1.7 Feedback Control
Chapter 2 Cell Biology
2.1 Cell Structure
2.2 Basic Functions of Cells
2.3 Cell Specializations
2.4 Cell Metabolism
Chapter 3 Cell Membranes and Membrane Transport
3.1 Membrane Structure
3.2 Membrane Transport
3.3 Passive Transport
3.4 Active Transport
Chapter 4 Cell Communication
4.1 Direct Communication
4.2 Extracellular Communication
4.3 Three Stages of Cell Communication
4.4 Exception to Ligand–Receptor Communication
Chapter 5 Neurons and Membrane Potentials
5.1 Membrane Potentials
5.2 Polarity of the Membrane
5.3 Gated Channels
5.4 Neuron Anatomy
5.5 The Synapse
5.6 Action Potentials
NERVE PROPERTIES
5.7 All or None
5.8 Impulse Propagation
5.9 Convergence and Divergence
5.10 Graded Potentials
5.11 Summation of Graded Potentials
5.12 Types of Synapses
5.13 Refractory Period
Chapter 6 Central Nervous System
6.1 Organization of the Nervous System
6.2 Neurons
6.3 The Anatomy of the Brain
6.4 The Functional Regions of the Brain
6.5 Basal Nuclei
6.6 Thalamus
6.7 Hypothalamus
6.8 The Limbic System
6.9 Cerebellum
6.10 Brain Stem
6.11 The Spinal Cord
Chapter 7 Peripheral Nervous System: Afferent Division
7.1 Somatic Afferent Division
7.2 Receptor Types
7.3 Sensory Interpretation
7.4 Determining the Location of Stimuli
7.5 Determining the Type of Stimuli
7.6 Determining the Intensity of Stimuli
7.7 The Perception of Pain
7.8 Visceral Pain
Chapter 8 Special Senses
8.1 Sense of Taste
8.2 Sense of Smell
8.3 Vision
8.4 Hearing
8.5 Equilibrium
Chapter 9 Peripheral Nervous System: Somatic Efferent and Autonomic Nervous System
9.1 Somatic Efferent Division
9.2 Three Levels of Motor Function
9.3 The Neuromuscular Junction
9.4 The Autonomic Nervous System
9.5 Autonomic Nerve Pathways
9.6 Sympathetic Pathways
9.7 Parasympathetic Pathways
9.8 ANS Receptors
9.9 Adrenal Medulla
9.10 Exceptions to Dual Innervation
9.11 Drug Mechanisms
Chapter 10 Muscle
10.1 Connective Tissue
10.2 Skeletal Muscle Cells
10.3 Sliding Filament Mechanism
MUSCLE PROPERTIES
10.4 Muscle Twitch
10.5 Motor Units
10.6 Motor Unit Recruitment
10.7 Muscle Actions
10.8 Length–Tension Relationship
10.9 Muscle Metabolism
10.10 Skeletal Muscle Fiber Types
10.11 Skeletal Muscle Adaptations
10.12 Smooth Muscle
10.13 Smooth Muscle Cell Structure
10.14 Smooth Muscle Contraction Process
10.15 Types of Smooth Muscle
Chapter 11 Endocrine System
11.1 The Endocrine System
11.2 Endocrine Tissues
11.3 Hormones
11.4 Hormone Regulation
11.5 Hypothalamus and the Pituitary Gland
11.6 The Endocrine Pancreas and Regulation of Fuel Metabolism
11.7 Maintenance of Blood Glucose Levels
11.8 Connectivity of the Endocrine System
Chapter 12 Digestive System
12.1 The Digestive Tract
12.2 Layers of the GI Tract
12.3 Digestive Physiology
12.4 The Oral Cavity
12.5 The Pharynx and Esophagus
12.6 The Stomach
12.7 The Small Intestine
12.8 The Large Intestine
Chapter 13 Cardiovascular System
13.1 The Cardiovascular System
13.2 The Heart
13.3 The Myocardium – Cardiac Muscle
13.4 Electrical Activity of the Heart
13.5 The Mechanical Activity of the Heart
13.6 The Cardiac Cycle
13.7 Cardiovascular Variables
13.8 Control of Heart Rate
13.9 Control of Stroke Volume
13.10 Control of Venous Return
13.11 Putting It All Together
Chapter 14 Vasculature
14.1 The Vasculature
14.2 Basic Structure of Blood Vessels
14.3 Divisions of the Vasculature
14.4 Control of Vasomotor Tone
14.5 Exchange Between Blood and Tissues
14.6 The Lymphatic System
Chapter 15 Blood
15.1 Blood
15.2 Plasma
15.3 Formed Elements
Chapter 16 Immune System
16.1 Leukocytes
16.2 Immune Cells in Tissues
THREE LEVELS OF IMMUNE DEFENSES
16.3 External Defenses
16.4 The Innate Immune Responses
16.5 The Adaptive Immune Responses
16.6 Allergies
Chapter 17 Respiratory System
17.1 Respiration
17.2 Respiratory Anatomy
17.3 Ventilation
17.4 Gas Exchange
17.5 Gas Transport
17.6 Respiratory Control
Chapter 18 Renal System
18.1 Renal Anatomy
RENAL PHYSIOLOGY
18.2 Glomerular Filtration
18.3 Tubular Reabsorption
18.4 Tubular Secretion
18.5 Urine Excretion
18.6 Hormones Affecting the Renal System
18.7 Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System
18.8 Natriuretic Peptides
Chapter 19 The Male Reproductive System
19.1 Male Reproductive Tract
19.2 Hormonal Regulation of Male Reproductive Function
19.3 Testosterone
19.4 Erection and Ejaculation
Chapter 20 Female Reproductive System
20.1 Female Reproductive Tract
20.2 Development of the Oocyte
20.3 Development of the Egg
20.4 Hormonal Regulation of the Ovarian Cycle—The Menstrual Cycle
20.5 Implantation of the Fertilized Egg
20.6 The Female Orgasm
20.7 Estrogen
Appendix
Glossary
Index