Human Trafficking: Intelligence and Investigation
Edition: 1
Copyright: 2021
Pages: 402
Edition: 1
Copyright: 2021
Pages: 288
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Human Trafficking: Intelligence and Investigation is an innovative approach to understanding and combating human trafficking. From the lens of the criminal justice discipline, the textbook provides a practical resource for how to gather intelligence related to human trafficking cases and apply necessary elements within the investigative process. Case studies are used throughout the textbook to demonstrate how those resources can be applied.
The textbook opens by presenting the definitions and types of trafficking, along with a brief history of how trafficking has evolved over time. Early chapters are designated to understanding both the victims of trafficking and the traffickers themselves. From there, the chapters examine in greater detail certain industries that are especially vulnerable to trafficking as well as how to identify and understand potential indictors of trafficking. Because these potential indicators are so unique in the digital world, they were given their own chapters to examine the internet and social media. Chapters towards the end of the textbook begin the process of tying in the elements of trafficking and learning how to gather, assess, investigate, and present this information for legal processes. It concludes with a comprehensive overview of the legislation related to human trafficking and where to go from here.
Part I Defining Human Trafficking
Chapter 1 What is Human Trafficking?
I. Defining Human Trafficking
Sex Trafficking
Labor Trafficking
Debunking a Trafficking Misconception: What Does a Trafficking Victim Look Like?
II. Crimes Related to Human Trafficking
Summary
Review Questions
Weblinks
References
Chapter 2 The Research on Trafficking
A Historical Overview
The Research on Human Trafficking
Domestic Trafficking Literature
Juvenile Findings
Socioeconomic Findings
Racial Findings
Gender Findings
Summary
Review Questions
Weblinks
References
Chapter 3 Labor Trafficking vs. Sex Trafficking
I. Labor Trafficking
How it works:
Domestic Work Visas
T Nonimmigrant Status
Domestic Work
Construction & Landscaping
Textiles & Processing
Agriculture Industry
Traveling & Peddling Groups
II. Types of Sex Trafficking
III. Sex & Labor Trafficking
Summary
Review Questions
Weblinks
References
Chapter 4 Victims & Perpetrators of Human Trafficking
I. The Victims of Trafficking
Recruiting Victims for Sex Trafficking
Recruiting Victims for Forced Labor
II. The Traffickers
Summary
Review Questions
Weblinks
References
Part II Indicators of Trafficking
Chapter 5 Prison Populations & Trafficking
I. Women’s Prisons Overview
Federal Bureau of Prisons Locations
II. Recruitment
How it Works
III. Combatting Human Trafficking Within Corrections
Summary
Review Questions
Weblinks
Reference
Chapter 6 Gangs & Trafficking
I. Gangs
II. Street Gangs
Current Trends
III. Street Gangs and Human Trafficking
Pimping & Human Trafficking
Summary
Review Questions
Weblinks
References
Chapter 7 Hospitality Industry
I. Hotels & Motels
The Numbers
II. Hospitality Indicators
III. Investigating Trafficking in Hotels and Motels
Summary
Review Questions
Weblinks
Chapter 8 Illicit Massage Businesses
1. Trafficking in Illicit Massage Businesses
Follow the Money!
What is a Korean Gaming Room?
How it Works
Summary
Review Questions
Weblinks
Chapter 9 Agriculture
An Age-Old Practice in Modern Times
The Agricultural Industry
Misuse of Exploitation of Work Visas
Federal Cases of Labor Trafficking
A Global Problem
Trafficking in Asia
Trafficking in Europe
Trafficking in Africa
Trafficking in the Americas
A Further Look into Forced Labor in North America
Code of Conduct
Summary
Review Questions
Weblinks
References
Chapter 10 Escort Websites and Sex Buyer Review Forums
I. Why the Web?
II. Evolution of the Online Sex Marketplace and Sex Trafficking
III. Open Source Intelligence (OSINT)
Summary
Review Questions
Weblinks
Chapter 11 Social Media
I. Open Source Intelligence
II. Human Trafficking and Social Media
Money
Tattoos & Marks
Posing
III. How Applications and Social Media Can Stop Human Trafficking
Summary
Review Questions
Weblinks
References
Part III Intelligence & Investigations
Chapter 12 Understanding Intelligence Gathering
I. Defining Intelligence
Intelligence Community
National Security Intelligence vs. Criminal Intelligence
II. Gathering Intelligence for Human Trafficking Cases
The Intelligence Cycle
Reliability & Validity
Financial Intelligence
Example
CARFAX
III. Presenting an Intelligence Product
IBM i2 Analyst Notebook
Using Link Analysis to Present a Human Trafficking Case
Summary
Review Questions
Weblinks
References
Chapter 13 Building a Case: The Investigative Process
I. Investigative Tools & Techniques
II. Victim-Centered Approach for Interviewing
Trafficking Survivors
III. Investigation of a Human Trafficking Case
Details of the Investigation
Summary
Review Questions
Weblinks
References
Chapter 14 Legislation
I. International & Federal Legislation
Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Acts
Other Federal Legislation Used to Combat Human Trafficking
Uniform Crime Reports and Human Trafficking
II. State Legislation
Summary
Review Questions
Weblinks
References
Chapter 15 Moving Forward: What are the Next Steps?
I. Agencies & Organizations Combating Human Trafficking
Agencies
Government Organization
Non-Governmental Organizations
II. Strengthening State & Federal Legislation to Combat
Human Trafficking
Criminal Record Relief
III. Data Collection and Management
IV. Reporting
A Final Review of Human Trafficking
Additional Resources:
Summary
Review Questions
Weblinks
References
Glossary
Acronym Glossary
Appendix A Human Trafficking Research
Heather Zurburg King received her PhD in Criminology & Criminal Justice from Florida State University. She began her career working as an Intelligence Analyst with the Florida Department of Law Enforcement in the Organized Crime and Financial Fraud Unit. This was her first experience working on cases involving human trafficking. Currently, she serves as an Assistant Professor in Criminal Justice and the Program Coordinator for the Certificate in Intelligence Studies at Mars Hill University where she designed and implemented a research lab focused on understanding and combatting human trafficking. Additionally, she works as a contractor with the U.S. Government.