Introduction to the Marine Environment
Edition: 1
Copyright: 2025
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Inspired by my students in the Marine Environments' courses. This book aims to introduce to reader with the most recent findings about the origin of marine environments, specifically the origin of liquid water and gasses in the Solar System, the origin of ocean basins, seafloor features and marine sediment, physical conditions retaining ocean and gasses on and around our planet, the conditions defining physical parameters and chemistry of the seawater, and finally the origin of conditions that produced varieties of marine environments and in effect their habitats.
Introduction
Section I The Origin of Water and Ocean Basins on the Earth's Surface
Evidence of the Early Liquid Water on the Earth’s Surface
The Sources of Liquid Water
The Habitability Zone and the Liquid Water
Global Distribution of Water
Section II The Atmosphere and Its Interaction With the Ocean
Section III Chemistry of the Ocean
Section IV Physical Properties of Seawater
Section V Ocean Circulation (waves, tides, currents)
Section VI The Origin and Characteristics of Geosphere
The Geosphere and Plate Tectonics
The Seafloor and Features of Ocean Basins
Section VII The Origin and Characteristics of Marine Environments
The Origin of Life
Ocean Zones
Marine Communities
Planktons—Drifters
Nekton—Swimmers
Benthos—Dwellers, Burrowers, Creeping, and Crawling organisms
Arctic Communities and Ecosystem
Kelp Forest communities and Ecosystem
Mangrove Communities and Ecosystem
Rocky Shore Ecosystem
Deep Vents Ecosystem
Marine Food Webs
Primary Production
Section VIII Benefits and Hazards
References
Endnotes With Complete List of Sources