Introduction to Urban Studies
Edition: 4
Copyright: 2012
Pages: 370
Edition: 4
Copyright: 2012
Pages: 370
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Introduction to Urban Studies, now in its fourth edition, was the first comprehensive textbook in the field of urban studies. Many urban scholars have contributed original chapters to this text in which they explore the spatial and functional relationships of cities through the lenses of their disciplines. Undergraduate students are introduced to traditional fields of study as well as professional areas, ranging from history and psychology to public administration and urban planning. Students will gain the ability to integrate concepts, theories, and methods gained from these disciplines. They will also come to a clearer understanding of what urban scholars mean when they refer to the “urban tapestry” or the “metropolitan mosaic”.
The chapters contain examples of current urban practices germane to each discipline as well as historical and legislative backgrounds when applicable. Students will become familiar with noted urban practitioners who apply or have applied the theoretical approaches outlined in the text. They will then begin to comprehend the practical world of urban policy-making, administration, and planning.
Introduction to Urban Studies is not only for urban studies majors, but it can also provide a valuable introduction to American cities for students in such programs as urban planning, architecture, community development, pre-law, public administration, and environmental science.
Prologue by Robert J. Waste
Acknowledgments
Contributors
Part I Urban Places
Ch. 1 The City Evolves (History) by Thomas F. Campbell
Images of the City
The Growth of Cities
The Roman Empire
Europe
North America
Early Cities in the United States
Ch. 2 The City Relies on Its Foundations (Geology) by Michael J. Tevesz and John T. Fleshin
Introduction
Building Up
Slopes and Slope Stability
Expansive Soil and Subsidence
Stone Roots, Stone Bark, Stone Foliage
Building Materials
Forces That Tear Down
Change and Decay: Weathering
Relation of Weathering, Erosional Processes, and Cities
Coastal Processes
Streams, Rivers, Falls, Rapids, and Location of Cities
How People Affect Streams
Floods and Their Impact
Storms, Streams, and Flash Floods
Environmental Consequences to Cities Caused by Dam Building on Streams
Cities and Violent Geological Forces
Earthquakes
Causes of Earthquakes
Where Earthquakes Occur
Damage to Cities Caused by Earthquakes
Seismic Sea Waves Caused by Earthquakes
Earthquake Prediction and Prevention
Volcanoes
Dealing with Volcanic Hazards
Ch. 3 The City Builds (Architecture and Design) by J. Peter Shannon Jr.
The Ecological and Cultural Contexts of Architecture
Defining Architecture
Speaking Architecture
Historical Eras
Enlightening Architecture
Diversifying Architecture
Ch. 4 The City Organizes Its Space (Geography) by Virginia O. Benson
Location Theories
External Factors
Von Thunen's Model
Weber's Model
Christaller's Central Place Model
Internal Factors
Growth Models
Burgess' Concentric Zone Model
Hoyt's Sector Model
Edward Ullmann's Multiple Nuclei Model
Summary of Location Models
Migration Concepts
Scale
Life Cycle Stages
Push-Pull Factors
Summary of Migration Concepts
Transportation Concepts
Properties of Transportation Costs
Summary of Transportation Concepts
Geographic Information and Global Positioning Systems
Geographies of the Future
Part II Urban Processes
Ch. 5 The City Looks Ahead (Urban Planning)by W. Dennis Keating
Origins and Evolution of City Planning
The Organization and Administration of Municipal Planning
The Legal Basis for Planning
Ballot Box Zoning
Eminent Domain for Redevelopment
Urban Plans, the Planning Process, and Plan Implementation
Other Planning Entities
Advocacy and Social Planning
Equity Planning
Smart Growth
Transit-Oriented Development
Waterfront Redevelopment
Historic Preservation
The Politics of Planning
Ch. 6 The City Worships (Sacred Landmarks) by Harvey K. Newman and Michael J. Tevesz
Religion and the Origin of Cities
Immigrants, Religion, and Cities
Colonial to Civil War
Modern Period
The Impact of Cities on Religious Groups: Two Views
Louis Wirth
Claude Fischer
The Impact of Religious Groups
7 The city Governs (Political Science) by Mittie Davis Jones
Political Background
Local Governance Structures
Political Reform
Evolution of African-American Leadership
Local Government Finance
Intergovernmental Issues
8 The City Manages (Public/City Management) by Gerald M. Neumark
The Role of City Managers
The Public Manager as a Leader
Politics and the City Manager
Towards the Future of Public Managers
9 The City Maintains Itself (Public Works) by Claire L. Felbinger
What Are Public Works?
Issues of Infrastructure and Maintenance
Federally Influenced Deferred maintenance
Deferral of Maintenance of “Hidden” Systems
Balancing Financial Tradeoffs
Lack of Political Payoff
Maintenance Strategies
Maintaining Human Infrastructure
Delivering Local Services Effectively
Identifying the Nature of Goods and Services
Alternate Methods of Service Delivery
Managing Local Services
Equality versus Equity
Efficiency versus Effectiveness
Ethics
10 The City Grows (Economic Development) by Claudette A. Robey and James E. Robey
Theories of Urban Economic Growth
Government Policies and urban Development
Federal Policies
State Policies
County Policies
Special Entity Policies and Districts
Policy Implications
11 The City Sustains Itself (Environmental Studies) by Sandra Kaufman
The Urban Environment
Urban Physical Structure
Urban Outdoors
Urban Indoors
Urban Service Systems
Global Urban Issues
The Nature of Urban Environmental Problems
Environmental Complexity and Interrelatedness
Individual and Collective Decisions
Urban Environmental Remedies
Goals for Action
Pioneering Solutions
12 The City Regulates Itself (Law) byt Lesley Wells
Introduction
Sign Language
Actions Speaks
Assault on Assault weapons
Voting Rights
Minority Sets-Asides
Poor Joshua
Preserving History
Taking Private Land
The Homeless
Taking Out the Garbage
Conclusion
Part III Urban People and Cultures
13 The City Worships (Religion) by Harvey K. Newman
Religion and the Origin of Cities
Immigrants, Religion, and Cities
Colonial Times to Civil War
Modern Period
The Impact of Cities on Religious Groups: Two Views
Louis Wirth
Claude Fischer
The Impact of Religious Groups on Cities: Two Views
Conservers of the Status Quo
Agents of Change
The Concerned Black Clergy of Atlanta
Religion and Politics
Congregations and Neighborhoods
Activities of Congregations in Cities
Work and Education
Artistic Work
Constitutional Issues Involving Congregations and Cities
Conclusion
14 The City Explores its Behavior (Psychology) By Roberta Stienbacher and Faith D. Gilroy
Human Psychological Needs
Crime and Punishment
The Effectiveness of Punishment
Intensity
Generalization
Schedule
Perceptions of the City
The Subjective Witness
Bystander Intervention
Attribution Theory
Heuristics
The City: A Crowded Place?
Crowds and Stress
Effects of Crowding
Group Behavior and Conformity
Authority and Individual Values
15 The City Confronts Social Issues by Wornie Reed
The Development of Urban Sociology
Current Approaches in Urban Sociology
External Factors
Social Factors
Social Policies
Employment
Education
Internal Factors: Community Forces
Summary
16 The City Encounters Diversity (Anthropology) by Dorothy Remy
A Systems Approach to Urban Ethnicity
City Life and Global Economics
Pathways through the City
The Path of Kinship
the Pathway of Friends
The Pathway of the Patron-Client Bond
The Pathway of Language
A Story
Where Pathways Intersect: The Organs of the City
Leadership Amid Contradictions
17 The City Evolves into Megacities (Global Demography) by Ashok K. Dutt, Anindita Parai and Rajiv R. Thakur
The Nature of Urbanization in Asia
Population Growth and Push/Pull Factors
Housing Problems and Proliferation of Slums
Urban Unemployment
Environmental Pollution
Deviant Behavior
New Global Urbanization Trends: Impact on Urbanization
Future Outlook
Part IV Urban Prospects
18 The City Faces Its Future: Technology and the Future of the City (Future Studies) by Jun Koo
Why City?
Demise of the City
City Reloaded
Bifurcation of the Future
Epilogue
References
Index