A Lab Manual for Research Methods: Diversity Inclusion and Social Justice Perspectives

Introduction

Step 1 Pick a Topic and Ethnic/Racial Group to Study
What Is Research?
Autism Spectrum Disorder
Addiction and Substance Abuse Disorder
Depression
Meditation and Creativity
Gender Dysphoria in Transgender Youths
Bias in Policing
Health Literacy in the Deaf Community
Obesity Prevention and Weight Loss
Medication Adherence for People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
Cognitive Decline in Older Populations
Resolving Conflict in Teenage-Parent Relationships
Coparenting Intervention for in At-Risk Children From Birth to Three
Homework Assignment
Pick Your Topic Discussion Post
Example Answer

Step 2 Review the Literature: How Does Culture Influence Your Topic?
Indirect Quotation with Author as Part of the Narrative
Indirect Quotation with Parenthetical Citation
Direct Quotation with Authors as Part of the Narrative
Direct Quotation with Parenthetical Citation
Reference
APA Style for Bias-Free Language
Article Search and In-Text Citation of Your Sources Assignment
Outline for Introduction Section
Outline for Discussion Section
Discussion Post to Summarize an Article
For Your Discussion Post, Please Incorporate the Following:
References
Reflection on Writing My Discussion Post Example: APA Style for Bias-Free Language
Original phrasing for the sentence:
Revised phrasing of the sentence to reduce bias:
References

Step 3 Select Your Research Design: Considering Non-Western and Indigenous Designs
Independent Variables
Experimental versus Non-Experimental Designs (i.e., Quasi-Experimental, Longitudinal, and Correlational)
Community-Based Participatory Research Design
Level of Measurement and Statistical Analysis Applied to Your Design
Theory and Hypothesis
Homework Assignments
Sample Answer
References
References

Step 4 Clearly Define Variables and Measures: Cultural Adaptations to Instruments
Cultures View Disorders Differently: Culture-Bound Syndrome
Cultural Adaptation of Questionnaires
Possible Questionnaires to Consider Using for the Example of the HIV Research Topic
Homework Assignment
Example Answer:
References

Step 5 Determine the Procedure: Identifying Cultural Adaptations to Therapy, Treatments, or Techniques
What Is a Procedure?
Consent to Participate
Timeframe of Study
Actions and Experiences During Study
Debriefing
Theories and Frameworks for Cultural Adaptations
Cultural Adaptations for Various Therapeutic Techniques
Cognitive Stimulation Training
Cognitive Behavioral Therapies
Parent Training
HIV Medication Adherence
Pharmacotherapy
Indigenous Research Methods and Cultural Adaptations
Homework Assignment
Causality
Please Include the Following in Your Discussion Post:
SAMPLE ANSWER:
References

Step 6 Determine Sample: Selecting Culturally Appropriate Sampling Strategies
Sampling versus Recruitment
Representative Versus Biased Samples
WEIRD Samples in Psychology
Hidden, Hard to Reach, Vulnerable, and Seldom-Heard Samples
Snowball, Chain-Referral, and Respondent-Driven Sampling Methods
Time-Space and Venue-Based Sampling Methods
Combinations of Sampling Methods
Online Methods to Sample Participants
How Do You Know if You Have Enough Participants? Power Analysis and Saturation
Homework Assignment
Discussion Post About Your Sampling Approach
For Your Discussion Post, Please Incorporate the Following:
Example Answer:
References

Step 7 Obtain IRB Ethics Approval: Implicit Biases and Stereotypes in the Treatment of Participants
Informed Consent
Assessment of Risks and Benefits
Selection of Subjects
Ethical Treatment of Participants
Ethical Issues in Community-Based Participatory Research
Case Example of Ethics in Community-Based Participatory Research
Tribal Institutional Review Boards
Case Example of Ethics in Indigenous Research
How Did the COVID-19 Pandemic Affect Research in Psychology and in Other Fields of Science?
Homework Assignment: Discussion Post
Promoting Racial and Ethnic Equality Discussion Post
Example Answer:
References
Homework Assignment: IRB Proposal
References

Step 8 Recruit Participants and Collect Data: Identifying and Overcoming Barriers to Participation
Researching During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Barriers to Recruitment for Hidden, Hard to Reach, and Vulnerable Populations
Ethical Considerations for Removal of Barriers: Inducement and Coercion to Participate
Culturally Sensitive, Customized Recruitment Strategies
Sexuality
Gender Identity
Deaf Community
Sex Workers
Mothers, Fathers, and Other Coparents
Illegal Substance Use and Injection Drug Users
Minoritized Ethnic and Racial Groups
Insider Versus Outsider Status as the Researcher: How to Build Trust
Homework Assignment
Example Answer
Homework Assignment:
Write the Introduction and Methods of the Research Paper
Example Answer:
The Effect of Medical Cannabis on Retroviral Medication Adherence in People Living With HIV
Josh Stanz
Dr. Christina Salnaitis
The Effect of Medical Cannabis on Retroviral Medication Adherence in People Living With HIV
Methods
Participants
Materials
Procedure
Design and Analysis
References
References

Step 9 Coding, Entering Data into SPSS: Intersectionality in Demographics
Statistical Software Packages for Quantitative Research
Statistical Software Packages for Qualitative Research
Confidentiality and Anonymity in Software for Data Storage, Recruitment, and Compensation
Best Practices for Variable Naming and Data Entry for Quantitative Data
How to Code Data in Qualitative Studies
Intersectionality in Demographics: Representing Marginal Status in Multiple Identities
Homework
Discussion Post on Social Identity Wheel
Example Answer
References

Step 10 Preparation and Screening: Statistical Bias
What is Statistical Bias?
Linearity, Homoscedasticity of Variance, and Normal Distribution
Screening and Auditing for Quantitative Research
Outliers: Real or Erroneous Data
Avoid Discarding Marginalized Groups as Outliers
Missing Data
How to Handle Missing Data in Hidden, Hard to Reach, and Vulnerable Populations
How Does Data Screening Differ in Qualitative Research?
Homework Assignment
Discussion Post on Checking Your Dataset for Bias
Example Answer:
References

Step 11 Analyze the Data: Racism in Methods of Data Analysis
History of Racism in Statistics: Eugenics, The Bell Curve, and Intelligence Testing
Intersectionality in Research Methods and Data Analysis
Conducting and Writing a Report of a Two-Way Mixed Models ANOVA
Interpreting Graphs With Two-Way Interactions
Homework Assignment
Discussion Post on the Results Section
Example Answer:
References

Step 12 Interpret the Results: Cultural Humility in Interpretations
Interpreting Graphs with Two-Way Interactions
Matched-Pairs Design
Outline for Discussion Section
Cultural Humility in Interpretations
Interrogate the Assumption that Generalization to WEIRD Samples Is Normative
Avoid a Deficit Interpretation in Research
Interrogate the Assumption That Individualistic Interpretations Are Valued Over Collectivist Interpretations
Interrogate the Assumptions that Objective Interpretations are Valued Over Subjective and Contextual Interpretations
Identify What Forms of Structural Racism Impact How You Should Interpret Your Results: Using Systems Centered Language
QuantCrit: A Critical Race Theory of Quantitative Statistics
Homework Assignment
Discussion Post About Your Abstract
Example Answer:
Abstract
How to Write Your Discussion Section
Example Answer:
Discussion
References
References

Step 13 Disseminating through Posters and PowerPoints: Presenting Findings to the Participants’ Community and the Scientific Community
Protect the Reputation of Your Participants
Disseminate the Results to Your Participants as Well as the Scientific Community
Different Types of Presentations: Paper, Poster, Yarning, Storytelling, Movies
Paper and Poster Formats for the Scientific Community: Powerpoint, Prezi, etc.
Yarning as an Indigenous Dissemination Method
Storytelling, Movies, Videos, and Film for Community Audiences
Planning and Promoting Diversity in Research Conferences
The Impact of COVID-19 on Research Conferences
Homework
Discussion Post about Your Dissemination Strategy
Example Answer:
References

Step 14 Disseminating Through Articles: Writing For Social Justice
Impact Factor and Prestige
Journal Mission, Readership, and Audience
Writing a Memo to Express Interest in Publishing Your Manuscript
Decolonizing the Publishing Process
Authorship Ethics in Community-Based Participatory Research
Seek Approval for Your Paper from Stakeholders: Refrain From Portraying Participants in Negative Light
Writing for Social Change and Social Justice
Peer Review
Revise and Resubmit
Suggestions for Manuscript Maintenance
Homework Assignments
Discussion Post on Journal Article Selection
Sample Answer
Final Revised Research Paper
The Effect of Medical Cannabis on Retroviral Medication Adherence in People Living With HIV
Joshua Stanz
Dr. Christina Salnaitis
Abstract
The Effect of Medical Cannabis on Retroviral Medication Adherence in People Living With HIV
Methods
Participants
Materials
Procedure
Design and Analysis
Results
Discussion
References
References