Learning by Doing Qualitative Research Methods: Seeing Humans as Stocks of Knowledge

Chapter 1 Introduction to Qualitative Research—Humans as Stocks of Knowledge
What We Are About 
Humans as Stocks of Knowledge 
Foundational Differences and Similarities in Qualitative Research and Quantitative Research 
Mixed Methods 
Phenomenology as the Center of Qualitative Research and Methods
     Biographical and Narrative Qualitative Research 
     Grounded Theory 
     Ethnography 
Qualitative Field Research 
Qualitative Methods and Techniques 
Summary 
     Discussion Topics 
References 

Chapter 2 Qualitative Research Design and Plan—The Research Proposal and the Research Question 
Introduction 
The Qualitative Research Process 
The Research Data Collection and Question Process 
The Research Design 
     Case Study 
     Comparative Study 
     Retrospective Study
     Snapshot 
     Longitudinal Study 
          Field Site Selection 
The Research Proposal 
     Introduction 
     Literature Review 
     Methods 
Summary 
     Discussion Topics 
References 

Chapter 3 Triangulation, Mixed Methods, and Ethical Considerations in Qualitative Research 
Triangulation 
Mixed Methods 
Applying Key Features of Mixed Methods: Reinterpreting the Achievement Gap Case Study 
     Sampling Frame 
     Quantitative Analysis of Academic Achievement Gap 
     Qualitative Analysis of Academic Achievement Gap 
Mixed-Methods Results: Reinterpreting the Academic Achievement Gap Case Study 
     Internalized Negotiated versus Internalized Non-negotiated Streams 
Summary 
Ethical Considerations in Qualitative Research 
     Institutional Review Board 
Summary 
     Discussion Topics 
References 

Chapter 4 Ethnography, Visualization (Photography), Film, Music, and Field Notes 
Ethnography 
Basic Features of Ethnography 
Nonparticipant Observation 
Black Metropolis Project 
Phases of Observation 
Participant Observation 
Phases of Participant Observation 
Ethnographies of Urban Life: Theoretical and Methodological Dimensions 
Urban Ethnography as Analytical Descriptions of Contexts 
Urban Ethnography as the Explanatory Demonstration of Concepts 
Urban Ethnography as Microcausal Analysis 
Triangulation of Theoretical and Methodological Dimensions of Urban Ethnography 
Strengths and Limitations of Dimensions of Urban Ethnography 
Summary 
Visualization (Photography) 
The Camera as an Expansion of Ethnography 
Photographic Elicitation 
Film and Video 
Video 
     The Black Metropolis Oral History Video Ethnography 
Music 
Field Notes 
Summary 
     Discussion Topics 
References 

Chapter 5 Interviews, Narratives, and Focus Groups 
The Interview 
The Ethnographic Conversation/Interview 
Semi-structured Interviews 
Elements of Semi-structured Interviews 
The Structured Layer Technique (SLT) 
     Focused Interview 
     Elements of Focused Interviews 
Narrative Interviews 
     Elements of the Narrative Interview 
The Black Metropolis Oral History Narrative Interview Guide 
Focus Groups 
     The Interview Process 
     Types of Focus Groups 
Role of the Focus Group Moderator 
     Elements of Focus Groups 
Summary
     Discussion Topics 
References 

Chapter 6 Grounded Theory—Coding and Categorizing Data, Interpreting and Analyzing Narrative Data 
Grounded Theory 
Emerging and Forcing Grounded Theory 
     Emerging Grounded Theory 
     Forcing Grounded Theory 
Coding and Categorizing Qualitative Data 
     The Process of Conceptual Formulation in Grounded Theory 
Summary of Coding and Categorizing Data 
Interpreting and Analyzing Narrative Data 
The Analysis of Narrative Data as Life Constructions 
Summary 
     Discussion Topics 
References 

Chapter 7 Documentation and the Internet as Cyberethnography 
Documents and Artifacts in Qualitative Research 
The Internet as Cyberethnography 
Summary 
     Discussion Topics 
References 

Chapter 8 Conclusion—Presenting, Writing, and Publishing Qualitative Results 
What’s the Connection? 
Presenting the Results of Qualitative Data 
Writing the Results of Qualitative Data 
Publishing Qualitative Data Results 
Conclusion 
Reference