Livestock Health and Diseases

CHAPTER 1: IMPORTANCE OF DISEASE—SHAPING SOCIETY, HISTORY, AND THE ECONOMY 
IMPACTS OF HUMAN DISEASES 
THE SOCIETAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF HUMAN VERSUS ANIMAL DISEASES 
KEY ORGANIZATIONS IN DISEASE PREVENTION AND RESPONSE 
HISTORICALLY IMPACTFUL ANIMAL DISEASES 
BIG PICTURE: DISEASE AS A DRIVER OF CHANGE 
LECTURE NOTES 
CASE STUDY: HIGH MORTALITY VERSUS HIGH MORBIDITY DAIRY OPERATION 

CHAPTER 2: CHAIN OF TRANSMISSION 
INTRODUCTION
THE SIX LINKS OF THE CHAIN 
BREAKING THE CHAIN OF TRANSMISSION 
EXAMPLES OF TARGETED INTERVENTIONS BY CHAIN LINK 
HERD IMMUNITY: COLLECTIVE PROTECTION 
CONCLUSION 
CASE STUDY 1: CALF SCOURS 
CASE STUDY 2: FOOT ROT IN THE FEEDLOT 
CASE STUDY 3: HERD IMMUNITY OR HERD RISK? 

CHAPTER 3: BIOSECURITY IN LIVESTOCK SYSTEMS 
INTRODUCTION TO BIOSECURITY
THE THREE PILLARS OF BIOSECURITY
TYPES OF BIOSECURITY PROGRAMS
SUMMARY
CASE STUDY 1: EVALUATION OF BIOSECURITY PRINCIPLES
PART 1: CONCEPTUAL BIOSECURITY
PART 2: STRUCTURAL BIOSECURITY 
PART 3: PROCEDURAL BIOSECURITY 

CHAPTER 4: IMMUNITY AND VACCINES 
INTRODUCTION 
PHYSICAL BARRIERS AND INNATE IMMUNITY
ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY 
ANTIBODIES 
PASSIVE AND ACTIVE IMMUNITY
PRINCIPLES OF VACCINATION
VACCINE TYPES
VACCINE ADMINISTRATION AND CONSIDERATIONS
CAUSES OF VACCINE FAILURE
SUMMARY
CHAPTER 4 REVIEW

CHAPTER 5: COMMON DRUGS IN LIVESTOCK 
INTRODUCTION 
ANTIMICROBIALS
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND PAIN MANAGEMENT DRUGS
ANTIPARASITIC DRUGS 
COCCIDIOSTATS AND IONOPHORES
GROWTH-PROMOTING AND PERFORMANCE-ENHANCING COMPOUNDS 
DRUG ADMINISTRATION, RECORDS, AND WITHDRAWAL TIMES
RESPONSIBLE DRUG USE AND STEWARDSHIP 
SUMMARY
CHAPTER 5 REVIEW
CASE STUDY SCENARIO 

CHAPTER 6: MANAGING LIVESTOCK HEALTH 
INTRODUCTION 
ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSORS AND THERMOREGULATION 
MECHANISMS OF HEAT TRANSFER
HEAT STRESS IN LIVESTOCK
COLD STRESS 
NUTRITION AND BODY CONDITION
VITAMIN AND MINERAL DEFICIENCIES 
WATER QUALITY
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXINS 
INJURY AND TRAUMA IN LIVESTOCK
INJURY MANAGEMENT AND EUTHANASIA
EUTHANASIA METHODS AND CARCASS DISPOSAL
PROPER CARCASS DISPOSAL
SUMMARY
CASE STUDY 1: COLD SNAP IN THE LAMBING BARN
CASE STUDY 2: DIFFICULT DECISION IN AN OLDER HORSE

CHAPTER 7: GESTATION
INTRODUCTION TO GESTATION IN LIVESTOCK
PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES AND DISEASE RISK
VENEREAL DISEASE AND THE ROLE OF INTACT MALES 
RISK FROM UNTESTED INTACT MALES 
ROUTINE TESTING IN BREEDING SOUNDNESS EXAMS 
INFECTIOUS CAUSES OF PREGNANCY LOSS 
METABOLIC DISORDERS DURING GESTATION
ABORTION TIMING AND DIAGNOSTIC CLUES 
SMEDI COMPLEX AND RELATED OUTCOMES
ABORTION STORMS AND NONINFECTIOUS LOSSES 
CONGENITAL DEFECTS AND INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RESTRICTION 
HANDLING AND SUBMITTING ABORTED FETUSES FOR DIAGNOSTIC TESTING 
RESPONDING TO A SUSPECTED ABORTION STORM 
BIOSECURITY, PREVENTION, AND MANAGEMENT
ECONOMIC AND WELFARE IMPLICATIONS

CHAPTER 8: PARTURITION 
THE 5 P’S OF PARTURITION 
BEHAVIORAL CUES IN DAMS FOR AGGRESSION
SUMMARY
CHAPTER 8 KNOWLEDGE QUESTIONS 

CHAPTER 9: NEONATAL HEALTH AND DISEASE CONCERNS IN LIVESTOCK
THE NEONATAL PERIOD: A CRITICAL WINDOW
THE BIG 3 NEONATAL DISEASES 
NONINFECTIOUS CAUSES OF NEONATAL LOSS
RECOGNIZING RED FLAGS AND WHEN TO INTERVENE
PROCESSING PROCEDURES TO SUPPORT NEONATAL HEALTH
CONCLUSION 
NEONATAL CASE STUDIES 

CHAPTER 10: WEANING AND ASSOCIATED HEALTH CONCERNS IN LIVESTOCK 
INTRODUCTION TO WEANING 
PREPARING FOR WEANING: REDUCING THE STRESS LOAD 
HOW TO DECREASE STRESS AT WEANING
POSTWEANING MANAGEMENT
WEANING MANAGEMENT TIPS FOR HEALTH AND SUCCESS 
CONCLUSION 
DESIGNING A PRECONDITIONING PROTOCOL 

CHAPTER 11: ISSUES IN LIVESTOCK GROWTH 
INTRODUCTION 
OVERVIEW OF THE GROWTH PHASE
PHYSITIS AND SKELETAL CONCERNS IN GROWING ANIMALS
FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO POOR GROWTH PERFORMANCE
EVALUATING GROWTH IN LIVESTOCK 
BEST PRACTICES FOR SUPPORTING HEALTHY GROWTH 
GROWTH IMPLANTS
CONCLUSION 
GROWTH CASE STUDIES

CHAPTER 12: FINISHING AND GERIATRIC LIVESTOCK CARE
INTRODUCTION 
THE FINISHING PHASE: LAST STAGE BEFORE HARVEST
IONOPHORE USE IN FINISHING ANIMALS 
GERIATRIC LIVESTOCK: END-OF-LIFE CARE AND CONSIDERATIONS
NORMAL RESTING VERSUS A DOWNER STATE 
PHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS OF A DOWNER ANIMAL 
WHY A DOWNER IS DIFFERENT FROM RESTING
OVERLAPPING HEALTH CHALLENGES: FINISHING VERSUS GERIATRIC ANIMALS
MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS
EUTHANASIA DECISIONS IN FINISHING AND GERIATRIC LIVESTOCK
CONCLUSION 
CHAPTER 12: KNOWLEDGE CHECK

CHAPTER 13: BEST PRACTICES IN BEEF CATTLE PRODUCTION
GESTATION AND THE DAM
CALVING AND NEONATAL PERIOD
PREWEANING MANAGEMENT
GROWING AND FINISHING PHASES
PARASITE CONTROL AND EXTERNAL CHALLENGES 
CONCLUSION 
COW–CALF OPERATION HEALTH PROTOCOL
FEEDLOT OPERATION HEALTH PROTOCOL

CHAPTER 14: BEST PRACTICES IN DAIRY CATTLE HEALTH
DRY PERIOD AND PRECALVING MANAGEMENT
CALVING AND TRANSITION PERIOD (3 WEEKS PRE- TO 3 WEEKS POSTCALVING)
MASTITIS AND UDDER HEALTH
LACTATION MANAGEMENT
REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH AND HERD LONGEVITY 
CALF AND HEIFER HEALTH 
CONCLUSION 
CHAPTER 15: BEST PRACTICES IN POULTRY HEALTH
HATCHERY AND BROODING PHASE (0–3 WEEKS OF AGE)
GROWER AND FINISHER PHASES (3–6 WEEKS FOR BROILERS; UP TO 20 WEEKS FOR LAYERS) 
LAYER-SPECIFIC HEALTH CONSIDERATIONS 
BROILER-SPECIFIC HEALTH CONSIDERATIONS
BIOSECURITY AND DISEASE PREVENTION
KEY TAKEAWAYS 

CHAPTER 16: BEST PRACTICES IN SWINE HEALTH
BREEDING AND GESTATION 
FARROWING AND NEONATAL PERIOD (0–3 WEEKS)
NURSERY PHASE (3–10 WEEKS)
GROWER–FINISHER PHASE (10–24 WEEKS)
SOW AND BOAR HERD HEALTH (ADULT MAINTENANCE) 
BIOSECURITY AND DISEASE PREVENTION
KEY TAKEAWAYS 

CHAPTER 17: BEST PRACTICES IN SHEEP AND GOAT HEALTH
PREBREEDING AND GESTATION 
LAMBING/KIDDING AND NEONATAL PERIOD 
LACTATION AND GROWTH PHASE 
WEANING AND GROWING ANIMALS
ADULT AND BREEDING STOCK HEALTH 
PARASITE MANAGEMENT
KEY TAKEAWAYS 

CHAPTER 18: BEST PRACTICES IN EQUINE HEALTH
MARE AND STALLION MANAGEMENT (REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH)
FOALING AND NEONATAL HEALTH 
GROWING AND TRAINING HORSES (WEANLING TO 2 YEARS) 
ADULT HORSE MANAGEMENT
GENETIC DISORDERS IN HORSES 
SENIOR HORSE MANAGEMENT
BIOSECURITY AND PREVENTIVE HEALTH
KEY TAKEAWAYS 

CHAPTER 19: INTEGRATED LIVESTOCK HEALTH MANAGEMENT 
THE CORE PRINCIPLES OF LIVESTOCK HEALTH 
GOLDEN RULES OF LIVESTOCK HEALTH
INTEGRATED DISEASE PREVENTION FRAMEWORK
EMERGING FRONTIERS IN LIVESTOCK HEALTH
CLOSING THOUGHT