Microbiology College Life

Chapter 1 Biology 101 Refresher
How Did Life Originate on Earth? 
The Four Big Macromolecules of Life 
       1. Proteins
       2. Deoxyribonucleic Acid/Ribonucleic Acid 
       3. Energy
       4. Lipids
The Tree of Life 
End Notes

Chapter 2 The Microbiology of Growing Up: Zits, Dandruff, and Head Lice
Acne
       1. 16S Sequencing 
       2. Microscope Identification of Cell Shape 
       3. Gram’s Stain 
       4. Energy Types 
       5. Special Media 
Dandruff
Modern Skin and Hair Products 
Head Lice
       1. Mutualism
       2. Commensalism 
       3. Parasitism
End Notes

Chapter 3 The Microbiology of the Bathroom: Bacterial Metabolism, Mold, Mildew, and Biofilms
What Is “Energy”? 
Metabolism 
Metabolism Diversity
Key Metabolic Pathways 
       Glycolysis/Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas Pathway 
       Krebs Cycle
       Oxidative Phosphorylation
       Contents
       Photosynthesis
       Fermentation 
       Anaerobic Respiration
Energy in a Community: Biofilms
       Why Would Microbes Decide to Make a Biofilm? 
Biofilms in the Bathroom: Shower Mold and Dental Plaque 
Biofilm Impact on Society
Biofilms in Wastewater Treatment Plants
Fungi: Microscopic Eukaryotes
End Notes

Chapter 4 Locker Rooms and Swimming Pools; Microbiology and the Athletic Center
Athlete’s Foot and Jock Itch 
       Fungal Characteristics
       Are Fungi Useful? Top Ten Uses for Fungi in Society 
       The Life of Fungi 
Bad Body Odor
       Skin and Sweat
       What Are These Stinky Compounds and Where Do They Come from?
       How to Prevent Bad Body Odor: Deodorants and Antiperspirants
Swimming Pool and Skating Rink Microbiology
       Identifying the Bacteria in Our Water
       What About Our Swimming Pools?
       Cleaning the Swimming Pool
End Notes

Chapter 5 Vaccines and the Human Immune System 
Introduction
Vaccines: The Origin Story
Microbial Colonization and the Human Immune System 
Vaccine Biology
Vaccine Hesitancy and Controversy 
Chapter Summary Points
End Notes

Chapter 6 The Health Center: Antibiotics and Resistance
The Age of Antibiotics: Penicillin 
       Where Do Modern Antibiotics Come from?
       Why Do Microorganisms Make Antibiotics?
       Classes of Antibiotics and How They Work
       Nontraditional Antimicrobial Treatments 
End Notes

Chapter 7 Microbiology of the Bedroom and Sexually Transmitted Infections 
Introduction
Surveillance of Sexually Transmitted Infections
Viral Sexually Transmitted Infections: Human Immunodeficiency Virus
       Characteristics of Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
       Clinical Manifestations of Human Immunodeficiency Virus
       Treatment and Prevention of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infections
       Epidemiology of Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Viral Sexually Transmitted Infections: Human Papillomavirus 
       Characteristics of Human Papillomavirus and Human Papillomavirus Infection
       Clinical Manifestations of Human Papillomavirus
       Treatment and Prevention of Human Papillomavirus Infections 
       Epidemiology of Human Papillomavirus
       Human Papillomavirus and Skin Warts
Viral Sexually Transmitted Infections: Herpes Simplex Virus
       Characteristics of Herpes Simplex Virus and Herpes Simplex Virus Infection 
       Clinical Manifestations of Herpes Simplex Virus
       Treatment and Prevention of Herpes Simplex Virus Infections
       Epidemiology of Herpes Simplex Virus
       Chicken Pox and Shingles
Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections: Chlamydia 
       Characteristics of Chlamydia trachomatis
       Clinical Manifestations of Chlamydia 
       Treatment and Prevention of Chlamydia Infections
       Epidemiology of Chlamydia Infections
Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections: Syphilis
       Characteristics and Pathogenesis of Treponema pallidum
       Clinical Manifestations of Syphilis
       Treatment and Prevention of Syphilis Infections
       Epidemiology of Syphilis Infections
Chapter Summary Points
End Notes

Chapter 8 The Microbiology of the Dormitory
Introduction
The Microbiology of the Dormitory: Bacterial Infections 
       Characteristics of Streptococcus pyogenes and Strep Throat
       Characteristics of Pink Eye and the Pathogens Responsible
The Microbiology of the Dormitory: Viral Infections
       Characteristics of Influenza A and Influenza Infection
       Characteristics of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 and Coronavirus        Disease 2019 Infection 
       Characteristics of mpox and mpox Infection 
Chapter Summary Points
End Notes

Chapter 9 The Microbiology of the Kitchen
Microbial Growth 
What Environmental Factors Can Control Microbial Growth? 
Fermentation is an Ancient Process
The Chemistry Behind the Microbial Fermentation of Food 
Products of Lactic Acid Fermentation 
       Cheese 
       Yogurt, Kefir, Skyr, and Dahl
       Sourdough Bread
       Sauerkraut 
Fermented Foods and Our Gut Microbiome
       Footnote: Probiotics Versus Prebiotics
Fermentation and the Future of Food 
Alternative Proteins 
Precision Fermentation: Making Animal Protein with Microbes
End Notes

Chapter 10 Genetically Modified Organisms 
Introduction
What Is a Genetically Modified Organism? 
       GloFish
       AquaBounty Salmon Versus Rainbow Smelt
       Kiwi Fruit
       Sweet Potato
       Ruby Red Grapefruit
Microbes as Genetically Modified Organisms 
       Horizontal Gene Transfer
How to Make a Transgenic Plant
       Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation
       Biolistic Delivery of DNA (Gene Gun)
       Examples of Transgenic Plants 
Benefits and Risks of Genetically Modified Organisms
Transgenic Animals 
CRISPR Genome Editing 
End Notes

Chapter 11 Fermentation Continued: The Microbiology of Wine and Beer
Introduction and Initial Forewarning
A Brief History of Wine Microbiology
White Wine and Red Wine, How are they Made? 
       Alcoholic versus Malolactic Acid Fermentation
How are Microbes Controlled During Winemaking? 
What Can Go Wrong? Common Winemaking Problems
Friends and Foes of the Grape Microbiome 
       Microbial Friends
       Microbial Foes
Beer and Hard Cider Also Undergo Yeast Fermentation 
Conclusions
End Notes

Chapter 12 Waterborne and Foodborne Diseases 
Introduction
Waterborne Diseases
       Epidemiology of Waterborne Diseases 
Foodborne Diseases
       Prevalence and Symptoms of Foodborne Illness
       How Food Becomes Contaminated and Preventing Incidence of Food-Related Illness
Chapter Summary Points
End Notes

Chapter 13 The Microbiology of College Life 
Introduction
Diseases of Concern in Close Contact and Shared Spaces
       Overview of Modes of Transmission 
       Characteristics of Hepatitis C Virus and Hepatitis C Virus Infection 
       Characteristics of Mumps Virus and Mumps Infection
       Characteristics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection
       Characteristics of Legionella and Legionnaires’ Disease 
Diseases of Concern Transmitted via Vectors
       Overview of Vector Transmission 
       Characteristics of Lyssaviruses and Rabies Infection 
       Characteristics of Flaviviruses and Related Infections 
       Characteristics of Borrelia and Lyme Disease
       Summary of Vector Transmission 
Chapter Summary Points
End Notes