Modern Music Appreciation

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HOW TO USE THIS BOOK 

CHAPTER ONE – THE ELEMENTS OF MUSIC 
Musical Soundscape • Musical Sound • Defi ning Music • Human Creativity • Instrumentation • Basics of Notation • Th e Elements of Music • Timbre/Tone Color • Rhythm and Rates • Meter • Pitch and Intervals • Indefinite Pitch • Melody • Harmony • Musical Texture • Tempo • Dynamics • Musical Form • Lyrical Content

CHAPTER TWO – THE MIDDLE AGES, RENAISSANCE, AND BAROQUE ERAS 
Plainchant • Gregorian Chant • Hildegard of Bingen • Instruments of Medieval Era • Medieval Secular Music • Expansion of Polyphony • Arts Antique composers • Francesco Landini • Guillaume Machaut • Musical Innovations of Early Renaissance • Renaissance Musical Forms • Guillaume Du Fay • Johannes Ockeghem • Josquin des Prez • Instruments of Renaissance Era • Social Music - the Madrigal • Madrigal composers • Thomas Weelkes • William Byrd • Baroque Musical Forms • Vocal Music • Instrumental Music • Claudio Monteverdi • Other Baroque composers • Instruments of Baroque Era • Johann Sebastian Bach • The Fugue • George Frideric Handel

CHAPTER THREE – THE CLASSICAL, ROMANTIC, AND 20TH CENTURY ERAS 
The Classical Era • Characteristics of Classical Music • Vocal Music Forms • Instrumental Music Forms • Joseph Haydn • New Instruments of the Classical Era • The Classical Orchestra & its Instrumentation • Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart • William Billings • The Romantic Era • Characteristics of Romantic Music Styles • Nationalism in Romantic Era Music • Musical Forms of the Romantic Era • Ludwig van Beethoven • Romantic Era Instruments & the Romantic Orchestra • other Romantic Era composers • Hector Berlioz • Frederic Chopin • Middle to Late Romantic Era Music • Johannes Brahms • The 20th Century Era • Early Styles of Twentieth Century Music • Impressionism • Claude Debussy • Expressionism, Atonality, and Emergence of Serialism •Arnold Schoenberg • other atonal composers • Neoclassicism • Igor Stravinsky • other characteristics of 20th Century Music • Bela Bartok • Two innovative Electronic Instruments from the 20th Century Era • Aaron Copland • Leonard Bernstein • Aleatory and Indeterminate Music • John Cage • Minimalism • Philip Glass

CHAPTER FOUR – THE ROOTS OF POPULAR MUSIC
Popular Music • Gospel Music • From West Africa to Popular Music • The Gospel hymn • Thomas Dorsey • Mahalia Jackson • Other Gospel artists • The Blues • W.C. Handy • Charley Patton • Eddie “Son” House • Robert Johnson • Blind Lemon Jefferson • Muddy Waters • Phil and Leonard Chess • Willie Dixon • The Muddy Waters Band • Howlin’ Wolf • Other Blues artists • B.B. King • Country Music • Western Swing • Bob Wills and his Texas Playboys • Bluegrass • Bill Monroe & His Bluegrass Boys • Other Bluegrass artists • The Carter Family • Jimmy Rodgers • Honky-Tonk • Honky-Tonk artists • Hank Williams Sr. • The Nashville Sound & the Grand Ole Opry • Johnny Cash • Folk Music • Leadbelly • Pete Seeger • The Almanac Singers • The Weavers • Woodie Guthrie

CHAPTER FIVE – RHYTHM & BLUES AND SOUL MUSIC
Rhythm and Blues • Early R&B artists • Ahmet Ertegun • Atlantic Records • Big Joe Turner • Ray Charles • Other prominent R&B artists • R&B Vocal Groups/Doo Wop • The Drifters • Soul Music • Other prominent soul artists • Aretha Franklin • Otis Redding • Booker T. Jones • Motown • Barry Gordy • Motown artists • Stevie Wonder • Marvin Gaye • The Jackson Five • Funk • Early Funk artists • James Brown • The Meters • Other prominent Funk artists • Neo-Soul • Early Neo-soul artists • Mary J. Blige • Alicia Keys

CHAPTER SIX – ELVIS PRESLEY, ROCKABILLY, AND EARLY ROCK ‘N ROLL
Rockabilly • Sam Phillips • Sun Records • Elvis Aaron Presley • Scotty Moore • Bill Black • The King’s Secret Weapons • Elvis’s RCA period • Colonel Tom Parker • Elvis’s late period • Jerry Lee Lewis • Carl Perkins • Eddie Cochran • Early Rock ‘N’ Roll • Alan Freed • Bill Haley • Bo Diddley • Chuck Berry • Fats Domino • Little Richard • Buddy Holly • Surf Rock • Duane Eddy • The Ventures • The Beach Boys • Brian Wilson

CHAPTER SEVEN – JAZZ AND RELATED STYLES 
Early Influences on Jazz • New Orleans Brass Bands • Ragtime • Jelly Roll Morton • Early Jazz styles • Early New Orleans Dixieland • Charles “Buddy” Bolden • Joe “King” Oliver • Other prominent Dixieland artists • The Chicago scene • Louis Armstrong • The Hot Fives • The Hot Sevens • The Roaring 1920’s • The Ambassador Orchestra • Paul Whiteman • Fletcher Henderson • Other prominent 1920’s artists • Tin Pan Alley artists • Ma Rainey • Bessie Smith • James P. Johnson • Big Band Swing Era artists • Duke Ellington • William “Count” Basie • Billy Holiday • Ella Fitzgerald • Chick Webb • The Be-Bop Era • Charlie Parker • Dizzy Gillespie • Thelonious Monk • Bud Powell • Sarah Vaughn • 1950’s Miles Davis Group • Cool Jazz & West Coast Jazz artists • Hard Bop and Funky Jazz artists • Sonny Rollins • 1960’s prominent jazz artists • 1960’s Miles Davis Group • John Coltrane Quartet • Bill Evans Trio • Other prominent 1960’s jazz artists • Chick Corea • Shirley Scott • Keith Jarrett • Herbie Hancock • Avant-Garde and Free Jazz • Ornette Coleman • Other 1970’s prominent jazz artists • 1980’s prominent jazz artists • Wayne Shorter • Michael Brecker • Pat Metheny • John Scofield • Other prominent current jazz artists • Smooth Jazz • Acid Jazz

CHAPTER EIGHT – LATIN MUSIC, BRAZILIAN AND JAMACIA MUSIC 
Musical genres by countries • Roots of Brazilian Music • Samba and contributing styles • Pixinguinha • Sinho • Joao da Baiano • Donga • Other prominent Samba artists • Escolas de samba • Carnival • Brazilian Bossa Nova • Early prominent Bossa Nova artists • Antonio Carlos Jobim • Joao Gilberto • Other prominent Bossa Nova artists • Baiao and other Northern styles • Luis Gonzaga • Humberto Teixeira • Candomble • Modern Popular Brazilian Music • Prominent modern artists • Elis Regina • Tropicalismo • Milton Nascimento • Introduction to Cuban Son • Concept of clave • Clave in Cuban Son and Salsa music • Early Cuban Son instrumentation • Cuban Son song form • Danzon & Mambo • Israel “Cachao” Lopez • Transition from Son to Salsa • Cha-ChaCha • Enrique Jorrin • Salsa • Fania All-Stars • Salsa Orchestras • Celia Cruz • Salsa & Cha-Cha-Cha today • Marc Anthony • Reggae and related styles from Jamacia • Rastafarianism • Early Jamaican styles • Ska • Prominent Ska artists • Dancehall • Rocksteady • Prominent Rocksteady artists • Reggae • Jimmy Cliff • Bob Marley and the Wailers • Peter Tosh • Other prominent Reggae artists • Later Jamaican styles • Dub • Later Dancehall styles • Ragga • Prominent Ragga artists • Later Ska and Reggae in England and America

CHAPTER NINE – POP MUSIC 
Pop music • Michael Jackson • Quincy Jones • Thriller • Madonna • Like a Virgin • Prince • Purple Rain • Robert Palmer • Janet Jackson • Hall and Oates • Cyndi Lauper • The Bee Gees • Abba • More prominent 1980s’ pop artists • Phil Collins • More prominent 1900’s pop artists • 1990’s country pop artists • Green Day • 1900’s prominent pop artists • Whitney Houston • More prominent 1990’s pop artists • Kelly Clarkson • Prominent 2000’s pop artists • Beyonce Knowles • Lady Gaga • Prominent 2010’s pop artists • Ed Sheeran • Taylor Swift • Current prominent pop artists • Justin Bieber

CHAPTER TEN – RAP AND HIP-HOP MUSIC 
Rap • Hip-Hop • Poetic Language of Rap • Old-School Rap • Prominent old-school Rap artists • DJ Kool Herc • Toasting • Spinning • Break beats • Sugar Hill Gang • Kurtis Blow • Afrika Bambaataa • Grandmaster Flash and the Furious Five • Cutting • Backspinning • Phasing • MC Melle Mel • Golden age of Hip-hop and Rap • Prominent Golden age rappers • RUN-DMC • The Beastie Boys • Eric B. and Rakim • Hardcore Rap • West Coast Rap • Gangsta rap • Ice T. • NWA • Public Enemy • Prophets of Rage • A Tribe Called Quest • Dr. Dre • Suge Knight • Snoop Dog • Southern Rap • Prominent Southern Rap artists • Mainstream Rap • Tupac Shakur (2Pac) • Notorious B.I.G. • Puff Daddy • Lil’ Kim • Lil’ Cease • 2Pac vs Notorious B.I.G. • Eminem • Jay-Z • Nas • The Roots • Wu-Tang Clan • Other prominent Mainstream rappers • New Millennium Rap • Prominent New Millennium rappers • Kayne West • Lil Wayne • Generation Z Rap • Prominent Generation Z rappers • Drake • Kendrick Lamar • Prominent current rappers

COMPOSER - ARTIST - BAND INDEX

MUSICAL STYLES - GENRES - SUB-GENRES - INDEX

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