Operating Systems for I.T.: Software That Allows the Users to Control the Hardware

Preface 
Purpose/Goals 
The World's First Computer Programmer
Acknowledgments 
Your Feedback is needed! 
Further Reading
Colophon 

Chapter One: Operating Systems 
What is an Operating System? 
Operating Systems Types 
Operating Systems Architecture
Operating Systems Functions
User Interface 
Processor Management 
Storage Management
Memory Management 
Device Management  
Summary
Key Terms
Exercises 
Further Reading 

Chapter Two: The Basics 
Primary Memory 
Secondary Memory
File Systems 
What is a block size? 
Windows File Systems 
Linux File Systems 
Swapping in Operating Systems 
Time Splicing
Multitasking
Multiprocessing 
Multithreading 
Summary 
Key Terms 
Exercises 
Further Reading 

Chapter Three: Virtual Machines
Operating Systems ISO 
Installing Operating Systems 
How Regular Computers Work 
What is a Virtual Machine? 
Benefits of Virtual Computers 
Major Problems of Virtual Machines 
How do we Install the VM Software? 
Virtual Machines and The Cloud 
Installing Applications in VMs
Text Editors
Using Terminal Mode in Virtual Machines. 
Using Programming Languages in Virtual Machines
Summary 
Key Terms 
Exercises 
Further Reading

Chapter Four: Numerical Systems 
Numerical Systems 
Decimal Numerical System 
Binary Numerical System 
Why binary?
8 bits byte Samples 
Hexadecimal Numerical System 
Convert Hexadecimal to Binary 
Convert Binary to Hexadecimal
Convert Decimal to Binary 
Convert Binary to Decimal 
What Type of Number is This? 
ASCII Codes Table 
ASCII Tables 
Unicode Standard
Summary 
Key Terms 
Exercises 
Further Reading 

Chapter Five: Computer Hardware 
What is Inside a Computer?
Central Processing Unit(s) 
Heat Sinks 
Fans 
Motherboards 
Slots 
Cable Connectors 
Batteries 
BIOS 
Storage 
Primary Storage 
Secondary Storage 
Hard Disks Drives
IDE – PATA – ATA 
SATA 
Solid State Drives (SSD)
SCSI 
Network (NAS) 
Personal Cloud Hard Drives
Internal Drives 
External Drives  
CD, DVD 
Flash Drives 
Tapes 
Western Digital new memories
Video Boards  
Ports 
Peripherals 
Keyboards 
Mouse 
Cameras 
Scanners
Power Supplies
Summary
Key Terms
Exercises 
Further Reading 

Chapter Six: Computer Categories 
Computer Types 
Supercomputers 
Blade Computers 
Main Frame Computers 
Mini Computers 
Servers 
Desktops 
Thin Clients 
Laptops 
Netbooks
Tablets 
Server Types 
Data/Application Servers
Printer Servers 
Network Printers 
Local Printers 
Copy Servers 
Network Faxes 
Local Faxes 
FTP Servers 
Web Servers 
DNS Servers 
SQL Servers 
Fax Servers
Email Servers POP3
Email Servers SMTP 
Email Servers MAPI 
Server Parts that are Usually not Found in Laptops 
Hot Swappable Hard Drives 
Hot Swappable Power Supplies
Multiple Ethernet Boards 
Multiple Video Boards 
Multiple CPUs 
Multiple Fans
Automobile Computers
Other Types of Computers
Telephones 
Analog Telephones 
VoIP Telephones
Cellular Phones 
Summary 
Key Terms 
Exercises 
Further Reading 

Chapter Seven: Computer Software  
Where does Software Fit?
What is Software? 
Software Categories 
System Software
Applications Software 
Word Processors 
Text Editors 
Spreadsheets 
Accounting Software 
Browsers 
Email 
Games 
Graphics 
Presentations
Research Software
Artificial Intelligence Software 
Medical 
Embedded Software
Summary
Key Terms
Exercises 
Further Reading

Chapter Eight: Linux Terminal Mode Programming
What is Linux?
Linux Terminal Mode 
Shell Files 
Shell Scripting Commands 
Simple every day commands 
echo 
mkdir 
cd 
path 
Absolute Path 
Relative Path
rmdir 
cd ../ 
cd ~ 
cd / 
touch 
> 
>> 
cat
more 
less 
ls 
ls –la
ls -la –t 
pipe ( | )  
ls -la -t | less 
pwd 
Wild Card *? 
Wild Card * 
Wild Card ? 
chmod 
cp 
mv 
rm 
rmdir 
wc -l -w –c 
grep 
man 
--help 
Program Samples 
Comments 
Single Line Comments 
Multi-Line Comments 
Running Build-in Shell Commands 
Reading the Input Port 
Executing Build-in Shell Commands and Assigning Value to the Variable 
if and else command 
while loop 
for loops
case statement 
touch command 
files flags 
regular if 
nested if 
Soccer Game 
Comparisons commands 
while true 
head 
tail 
Summary 
Key Terms 
Exercises 
Further Reading 

Chapter Nine: Windows Command Line Programming 
What is Windows? 
Windows Command Prompt 
Batch Files
Batch Scripting Commands 
Simple every day commands 
echo 
mkdir 
cd 
path
Absolute Path 
Relative Path 
rmdir
cd ..\ 
cd \ 
type nul > 
type nul >> 
>> 
type
more 
dir
attrib
pipe ( | ) 
echo %dir%
Wild Cards * ? 
Wild Card * 
Wild Card ? 
copy 
move
del and erase
rmdir 
find 
findstr
help
Program Samples
REM
:MAIN 
set 
if
for loops 
pause 
calling programs 
Summary 
Key Terms 
Exercises
Further Reading

Chapter Ten: Networking
Networks Types 
LAN 
WAN 
Client/Server 
Peer to Peer 
Distributed Systems 
Parallel Computing 
Network Connectivity Hardware 
Hubs 
Switches 
Routers
Networking Cables, Pipes 
Internal Cabling 
Outside Cabling 
Connectors 
VoIP Telephones 
Analog Telephones
Wall Plates 
Summary 
Key Terms 
Exercises 
Further Reading

Chapter Eleven: Directories, Files and Attributes 
Files and Folders Rights and Attributes 
Linux Rights and Attributes
Windows Rights and Attributes 
Convert Linux Text Files to Windows 
Convert Windows Text Files to Linux 
Where is the OS Located in Windows? 
Where is the OS Located in Linux? 
Summary 
Key Terms 
Exercises 
Further Reading

Chapter Twelve: Protocols
File Transfer Protocol FTP 
FileZilla 
WinSCP
Secured Shell Systems
SecPanel Linux 
Putty Windows
Wired Internet
Wireless
Internet2 
Disk Partitions – Volumes 
Windows Volumes 
Linux Volumes 
Compression 
Encryption
Symmetric Encryption 
Asymmetric Encryption 
Summary
Key Terms
Exercises 
Further Reading 

Chapter Thirteen: Software Tools 
Protocols 
Email Protocols 
POP3 Protocol 
SMTP
IMAP 
File Transfer Protocol 
FileZilla 
TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol) 
Secure Shell – SSH
Secured Shell Systems 
SecPanel Linux 
Putty Windows 
TELNET
HTTP, HTTPS 
Bottlenecks
Summary
Key Terms 
Exercises 

Glossary