Operations and Supply Chain Management
Edition: 1
Copyright: 2023
Edition: 1
Copyright: 2023
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Operations and Supply Chain Management aims to provide vital information in an easy-to-understand manner that every manager in the field of OSCM should know about, including processes, techniques, tools, practical insights, and analytical approaches that help organizations to be productive. The strategies deployed in OSCM play a pivotal role in effective, optimized, and cost-efficient delivery of goods and services to consumers. New topics in the OSCM field such as data analytics, smart factories, and Industry 4.0 are introduced in this book. Linear programming technique employing Excel’s solver is used to solve capacity management, transportation networks, and prescriptive analytics problems. These topics help business students gain knowledge on how to improve supply chain performance or enhance operational efficiency and cost-effectiveness through managing the different aspects of OSCM and help make better decisions.
Each chapter ends with a detailed case study that synthesizes and reflects the contents and study materials presented in the chapter. The case studies are accompanied by a simulation software that can be used by the readers/students to understand the study materials presented and expand their knowledge about it in an experiential learning manner. The problems presented at the end of each chapter are intended for instructors to measure the knowledge gained by students and the positive changes or improvements in their critical thinking and overall learning outcome.
Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Authors
Chapter 1 Operations and Supply
Chain Management
Learning Objectives
Goods and Services
Operations and Supply Chain
Management (OSCM)
Operations and Supply Chain Strategy
Supplier Management Strategy
Customer Management Strategy
Operations Strategy
Supply Chain Management Strategy
Sustainability Strategy
Operations and Supply Chain Management Process
OSCM Performance Measures
Overall Performance of OSCM
Efficiency, Effectiveness, and Value
Productivity
Major Trends in Operations and Supply Chain Management
Careers in OM and SCM
Formulae from this Chapter
Case Study: Strategy and Productivity Challenges at Inglewood Construction
Case Questions
Summary
Review Questions
Critical Thinking Questions
Problem Solving Questions
References
Chapter 2 Demand Forecasting
Learning Objectives
Demand
Forecasting
Strategic Forecasts
Tactical Forecasts
Forecasting Methods
Time Series Analysis Method
Moving Averages
Exponential Smoothing
Time Series Decomposition
Causal Relationships Method
Forecast Accuracy
Formulae from this Chapter
Case Study: Demand Forecasting at Hemmer Shelves, Inc.
Case Questions
Summary
Review Questions
Critical Thinking Questions
Problem Solving and Critical Thinking Questions
References
Chapter 3 Capacity and Demand Management
Learning Objectives
Demand Management
Capacity
Design Capacity
Actual Output and Capacity Utilization
Effective Capacity and Efficiency
Capacity Management Strategy
Capacity Planning
Capacity Planning Types and Process
Estimate Capacity Requirements
Evaluate Alternatives Using a Decision Tree Method
Formulae from this Chapter
Case Study: Capacity and Demand Management at Flowers Lawncare
Case Questions
Summary
Review Questions
Critical Thinking Questions
Problem Solving Questions
References
Chapter 4 Project Management
Learning Objectives
Projects
Types of Projects
Project Management in Operations
Components of Project Management
Project Management Success Factors
Cost Estimation and Selection of Projects
Project Costs
Cost Estimation
Cost-Benefit Analysis Using NPV and Payback Period
Scheduling Projects
Variance in Scheduling Activities
Learning Curves
Monitoring Costs and Schedule in Projects
Formulae from this Chapter
Case Study: New Testing Facility Project Management at Neubear, Inc.
Case Questions
Summary
Review Questions
Critical Thinking Questions
Problem Solving Questions
References
Chapter 5 Aggregate, Sales and Operations Planning
Learning Objectives
Sales and Operations Planning
Aggregate Planning
Aggregate Planning Factors and Costs
Planning Horizon
Inventory
Production
Labor
Costs
Aggregate Planning Benefits and Activities
Aggregate Planning Strategy
Strategies to Balance Inventory and Capacity
Formulae from this Chapter
Case Study: Aggregate Planning at Rowland Industries
Case Questions
Summary
Review Questions
Critical Thinking Questions
Problem Solving Questions
References
Chapter 6 Material Requirements Planning
Learning Objectives
Enterprise Resource Planning
Advantages of ERP
Material Requirements Planning Process
Master Production Schedule
Aggregate Plan and MPS
Time Fences in MPS
MPS Quantity, Available to Promise, and Inventory On-Hand
Material Requirements Planning
Bill of Materials (BOM)
Lead Time
Inventory Transactions
Material Requirements Planning (MRP) Calculations
Formulae from this Chapter
Case Study: MRP at NeoWyndow Industries
Case Questions
Summary
Review Questions
Critical Thinking Questions
Problem Solving Questions
References
Chapter 7 Inventory Management
Learning Objectives
Inventory Management
Inventory Management in Service Industries
Inventory Management in Manufacturing Industries
Inventory Management and Control
ABC Classification
Inventory Accuracy
Technologies to Track Inventory
Inventory Ordering
Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) Model
Quantity Discount Inventory (QDI) Model
Single-Period Inventory Model
Multi-Period Inventory Model
Fixed Quantity Model (Q Model)
Fixed Time Period (P) Model
Formulae from this Chapter
Case Study: Inventory Management at Bombay Boutique
Case Questions
Summary
Review Questions
Critical Thinking Questions
Problem Solving Questions
References
Chapter 8 Procurement, Global Sourcing, and Receiving
Learning Objectives
Procurement
Procurement Process
Procurement Strategy
Risk Management
Green Procurement
Total Cost of Ownership
Procurement Analysis
Make or Buy Decision
Sourcing
Scorecard
Outsourcing
Transaction
e-Procurement
Receive Goods and Services
Formulae from this Chapter
Case Study: Procurement at Freely Furniture
Case Questions
Summary
Review Questions
Critical Thinking Questions
Problem Solving Questions
References
Chapter 9 Production Operations
Learning Objectives
Production Process
Customer Order Decoupling Point
Production Process Methods
Subtractive Process
Additive Process
Net Shape Process
Batch Process
Continuous Process
Production System Layouts
Fixed Position Assembly
Workcenter
Manufacturing Cell
Assembly Line
Assembly Line Balancing
Little’s Law and Production Process Analysis
Formulae from this Chapter
Case Study: Assembly Line Analysis at Mobile Fone, Inc.
Case Questions
Summary
Review Questions
Critical Thinking Questions
Problem Solving Questions
References
Chapter 10 Service Operations
Learning Objectives
Service Process
Service Process Characteristics
Service Process Classifications
Complexity of Services and Service Blueprint
Traditional and Online Service Operations
Service Systems Design
Service Demand Management
Waiting Lines and Queues
Queuing Model
Formulae from this Chapter
Case Study: Service Operations at Steven’s Hotel
Case Questions
Summary
Review Questions
Critical Thinking Questions
Problem Solving Questions
References
Chapter 11 Quality and Lean Six Sigma
Learning Objectives
Quality
Quality Management
ISO Quality Standards
Malcolm Baldrige Award Approach to Quality Management
Total Quality Management
Fishbone Diagram
Variability in Process
Six Sigma
Quality Management Process
Quality Planning
Quality Assurance
Quality Control
Control Charts
X-Bar Charts
R Charts
Process Capability and Process Capability Index
Lean Six Sigma and the Toyota Way
Just-In-Time (JIT)
Jidoka
Waste Elimination
Kanban
Value Stream Map
Kaizen
Lean Supply Chains
Formulae from this Chapter
Case Study: Kaizen Event at Khubooz, The Food Delivery Company
Case Questions
Summary
Review Questions
Critical Thinking Questions
Problem-Solving Questions
References
Chapter 12 Logistics, Distribution, and Transportation
Learning Objectives
Logistics
Types of Logistics
Third-Party Logistics
Logistics Management
Distribution
Distribution Centers
Distribution Center Design
Distribution Center Space Utilization
Distribution Center Operations
Transportation
Transportation Modes
Green Transportation
Linear Programming Model to Optimize Transportation Networks
Formulae from this Chapter
Case Study: A New Distribution Center for Meecham Industries
Case Questions
Summary
Review Questions
Critical Thinking Questions
Problem Solving Questions
References
Chapter 13 Data Analytics and OSCM Performance Drivers and Metrics
Learning Objectives
Data Analytics and Big Data
Data Analytics Process
Data Analytics in OSCM
Data Analytics Types
Performance Metrics of Operations and Supply Chain
Efficiency Ratios
Operations and Supply Chain Metrics
Formulae from this Chapter
Case Study: Data Analytics at Sean Williams Paint Store
Case Questions
Summary
Review Questions
Critical Thinking Questions
Problem-Solving Questions
References
Chapter 14 Automation in OSCM and Smart Factories
Learning Objectives
Industry 4.0 and Smart Factory
Forefront Technologies for Smart Factory
Cloud Computing
Cybersecurity
System Integration
Smart Systems for Smart Factory
Simulation
Internet of Things
Additive Manufacturing
Intelligent Automation for Smart Factory
Augmented Reality
Artificial Intelligence
Robotics
Summary
Review Questions
Critical Thinking Questions
References
Appendix
A-1. Learning Curve for Unit Values
A-2. Learning Curve for Cumulative Values
A-3. Cumulative (Single Tail) Normal Probability Distribution
Glossary
Index
Dr. Vaidyanathan has more than 25 plus years of industrial experience in e-commerce, information technology, automation, strategy, artificial intelligence, and software engineering with several high-tech industries in the United States and abroad. He is currently the Professor of Decision Sciences at Roosevelt University where he served as an Associate Dean. He was a Professor at the Indiana University, South Bend, Indiana. Prior to his academic positions, he co-founded eReliable Commerce Inc., where he was the CTO of the B2B financial transactions firm. He has held executive and leadership positions at AlliedSignal, Inc. (Honeywell), General Dynamics, Click Commerce Inc., and Lockheed Martin Inc (NASA). Dr. Vaidyanathan launched products integrated with artificial intelligence decision-making capabilities on the web to be co-branded with customers in the finance vertical business. He has directed Internet projects for Fortune 100 companies to increase customers’ profits by integrating organizational capabilities and stakeholder specifications. He has launched products that include security, payment processing, procurement, logistics, ERP, SCM, and data warehousing. He has delivered value and maximized core competency to improve customer satisfaction and increase profitability by reducing operating and capital budgets.
Dr. Vaidyanathan has played a significant role in the development of new organizational strategy and was directly responsible for delivering software and hardware infrastructure for projects involving more than $5 million with more than 150 team members and many project managers. He has enhanced effective business processes in logistics, payments, purchasing, life cycle costs, decision support systems, marketing, and supply chain management. He has proven ability in strategic development, managing projects, implementing projects, improving the efficiency of operations, mentoring, and team building. He has consulted with Fortune 100 companies including United Airlines, Mitsubishi, Motorola, and Honeywell in technology, business, and process reengineering. He serves as an advisor and an executive board member to several organizations in the United States and India.
Dr. Vaidyanathan holds a PhD with an emphasis on Artificial Intelligence and Robotics from Tulane University and an MBA from the University of Chicago. Dr. Vaidyanathan currently holds several patents and has authored more than 60 publications, book chapters, and case study in information systems, project management, and operations management areas in journals such as Journal of Operations Management, Decision Sciences, and Communications of the ACM.
René Leo E. Ordoñez is Professor of Business at Southern Oregon University. He holds a Bachelor of Arts degree in Economics from the University of the Philippines, an MBA degree from the University of Akron, and a PhD in Management Science from the Illinois Institute of Technology. He has been a member of the SOU School of Business faculty since 1989 where he served as the Department Chair from 2004 to 2011. Currently, he serves as the Coordinator of the Graduate Programs in Business. He teaches Applied Business Statistics and Operations Management in the undergraduate business program and Strategic Operations Management in the MBA Program. He taught internationally—at Ateneo de Naga University (Philippines), the University of Guanajuato (Mexico), and the Copenhagen School of Business (Denmark).
His research interest is in the use of technology in pedagogy. He has been actively involved in the design, development, and implementation of course curricula that incorporate technology in the classroom as well as in the delivery of course content. Over the past two decades, he created video demo lessons, narrated PowerPoints, and interactive Excel models as teaching supplements for various business statistics and operations management textbooks.
- Cases
- Discussion Prompts
- Exercises