About the Authors/Contributors
Chapter 1 The Earliest Roots of the West: Mesopotamia and Egypt
Civilizations and Worldviews
Early Human History
Mesopotamia
Ancient Egypt
Chapter 1 In Focus Essay: Artistic Influences: Material Culture in Paleolithic Society
Chapter 2 Near Eastern Peoples: Iron, Trade, God, and Empire
Hittites
Phoenicians
Israelites
Assyrians
Babylonians
Persian Empire
Chapter 3 The Development and Influence of Ancient Greece
The Forerunners of Greece: Minoans and Mycenaeans
Dark Ages and Archaic Greece
The Persian Wars
Peloponnesian Wars
The Golden Age of Greece
Greek Philosophy (From Thales to Aristotle)
Chapter 4 Hellenistic Greece and the Roman Republic
The Rise of Hellenistic Greece
Alexander the Great: Conqueror of Lands and Cultural Innovator
Hellenistic Cultural Contributions
The Rise of the Roman Republic
The Challenges of War and Politics
Chapter 4 In Focus Essay: Cultural Influences: The Iconography of Athena and Minerva
Chapter 5 The Roman Empire
The Pax Romana
The Impact of Roman Architecture
The Concepts of Romanization
The Rise of Christianity
Transitions, Reforms, and Tragedies
Constantine and Church Growth
Chapter 6 The Middle Ages: Act One
The End of Rome
The Birth and Rise of Islam
The Grand Emperor Justinian
The Frankish Kingdom and Charlemagne
Life in the British Isles
The Feudal System
The Crusades
Chapter 6 In Focus Essay: The Impact of a Building: Norman Architecture
Chapter 7 The Middle Ages: Act Two
Developments in the Church
The Developments of a Modernizing Society
Developments in England and France
The Hundred Years War and Beyond
Chapter 8 The Age of Cultural Rebirth: The Renaissance
Renaissance Defined
Italy and the Beginning
Early Renaissance Writers and Scholars
The Italian Masters
Northern Renaissance
Chapter 9 Age of Exploration: Europe Meets the New World
Crusades, Contact, and Interchange
Portugal
Christopher Columbus
The Conquistadors
Native Americans, African Slavery, and the Cost of Empire
European Rivals
Chapter 10 Christendom Shattered: The Reformation
Martin Luther and John Calvin
The English Reformation
The Catholic Reformation
Consequences and Conclusions of the Reformation
Index