Personal and Community Health
Edition: 2
Copyright: 2026
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As healthcare advances and the communication boundaries of countries are slowly broken down by increasing data collection and access, more focus is needed toward the application of this data on preventative care. Our current healthcare system focuses on making the sick well while lacking a system in place of keeping the healthy disease free. Initially, increased awareness of one’s own health status becomes critical in motivating changes toward healthier lifestyles and there are several well-written texts available to help with that awareness raising. The knowledge gap exists with the need for an introductory guide toward community application or specific population focus. How does one go about deciding where preventative applications need to take place and what those preventative applications should be? That is where this text hopes to provide guidance.
At the end of Personal and Community Health, the reader will be able to:
- Define and identify the local and global impact of the social drivers of health and their influence on the epidemiology of non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs)
- Discuss and apply the lifestyle modifications able to decrease the risk of non-communicable NCDs
- Conduct a basic needs assessment for a chosen population or community using primary and secondary data
- Develop a survey to determine a stakeholder’s intention to change a target behavior
- Create a feasible population or community outreach to assist with influencing positive behavior using the cognitive processes of change
Text Introduction
Updates to second edition
PART 1 INTRODUCING HEALTH AND WELLNESS
Chapter 1 The Current State of Health and Wellness
What are Incidence and Prevalence?
Valid and Reliable Measures
The Eight Dimensions of Health
Communicable versus Noncommunicable
Chapter 2 Details of Noncommunicable Diseases
Cardiovascular Disease
F.A.S.T. Warning Signs
Other Stroke Symptoms
Diabetes
Chronic Kidney Disease
Chronic Lung Disease
Cancer
Alzheimer’s Disease
Tooth Decay
Current State of Healthcare: NCD Management
Chapter 3 Modifiable and Nonmodifiable Factors
Nonmodifiable Factors
Modifiable Factors
Numbers to Know
Vital Signs Personal Data Collection Laboratory
Example of Community Application
Laboratory 3.2 Anthropometric Measures
Chapter 4 Inspiring Behavior Change
Motivating Lifestyle Change
Theories of Behavior Change
Health Belief Model
Theory of Planned Behavior
PART 2 PHYSICAL DIMENSION OF WELLNESS: A CALL TO ACTION
Chapter 5 Diet and Nutrition
Keeping it Simple
Macronutrients
Heart Healthy Eating
Rule of the Hand
Danger of Fad Diets
Intermittent Fasting
Nutrition for Weight Management
Diet Inventory Laboratory 5.1
Example of Community Application
Chapter 6 Exercise versus Physical Activity
Health Benefits versus Physical Fitness Standards
FITT-VP
Exercise Benefits and Fueling Exercise Intensity
Principles of Exercise Prescription
Basics of Exercise Prescription
Influencing Muscle Fiber Type
Readiness for Exercise—Laboratory 6.0
Example of Community Application
Chapter 7 Cardiorespiratory Fitness
Anatomy and Physiology
Cardiorespiratory Fitness
Cardio Progression—FITT-VP
Measure of Fitness—VO2max: Laboratory 7.0
Community Application—Airforce Uses VO2max for Admittance
Chapter 8 Flexibility and Stretching
Types of Stretching and Application
Static Stretching Performance: Laboratory 8.1
Flexibility Assessment: Laboratory 8.2
Sit and Reach Test
Screening for Shoulder Flexibility
The Trunk Lift
Community Application: The Sitting–Rising Test (SRT)
Reflection Question
For Further Discussion: Does Stretching Prevent Injury?
Chapter 9 Muscular Fitness
Skeletal Muscle Anatomy
Skeletal Muscle Physiology
Responses to Muscular Fitness Training
Muscular Fitness Testing: Laboratory Activity 9.0
The Squat Endurance Test
Push-Up Endurance Test
The Plank Endurance Test
Vertical Jump—Test of Muscular Power
Community Application
Bonus Testing: Squats in 1 minute—Do You Measure up?
Chapter 10 Neuromotor Training/Skill-Specific Training
Skill-Fitness Testing: Laboratory 10.0
Chapter 11 Now I Am Stressed Out
Anatomy and Physiology of Stress
Stressors
Sleep and Stress
Laboratory 11.0—Measuring Stress
Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)
Laboratory 11.1—Autonomic Nervous System Screening Tools
Community Application
Chapter 12 Understanding the Risks
Definition of Terms
Community Health
Population Health and Risk-Taking Behaviors
Addictive Behaviors
Recognizing a STD
Suicide Prevention
Cancer Prevention
Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Prevention
Laboratory 12.1: List of Community and Population Involvement
Chapter 13 Evaluating the Need
Describe the Target Group
Secondary Data
Primary Data Collection
Prioritizing Target Action
Conclusion
Chapter 14 Evaluating the Intervention
Developing an Intervention
Camp Jump Start
Quick Review
Measuring Effectiveness
Backward Planning: What is the Ultimate Desired Outcome?
Summary of Measuring Success