Personal and Systemic Racism: Root Causes, Current Realities and Anti-Racist Remedies: A Handbook for College Students
Edition: 1
Copyright: 2024
Pages: 470
Edition: 1
Copyright: 2024
Pages: 470
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Distinguishing Features:
- Connects the dots between past racist practices and current forms of systemic racism.
- Takes a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach, synthesizing research from history, the behavioral and biological sciences, political science, media studies, and public policy.
- Carefully documented with a blend of empirical studies, statistical data, and personal narratives.
- Constructed with college students in mind, infusing learning features that encourage student reflection and writing, and anti-racism action strategies that students can put into practice.
- Internet resources provided and copious references cited to give students the opportunity to seek out further knowledge about each chapter topic.
Key Content:
- Unearths the underlying psychological causes of implicit bias and group stereotyping and supplies specific strategies for overcoming them.
- Identifies the origins of racism from its roots in economics, politics, religion and science, its historical development, and current manifestations in the form of segregation, colorism, cultural racism, and strategic political racism.
- Traces the history of systemic racism from slavery, through the Civil War, the death of Reconstruction, the birth of Jim Crow, and the emergence of the Civil Rights Movement.
- Examines the historical antecedents and current remnants of systemic racism in the following societal systems:
- Housing: Residential Choice and Home Ownership Opportunities
- Economic: Employment, Wages, and Wealth
- Education: Quality of Schools and Equality of Learning Opportunities
- Healthcare: Access to Quality Medical Care and Equal Medical Treatment
- Electoral: Voting Rights and Political Representation
- Criminal Justice: Policing Practices, Legal Representation, and Sentencing Policies
- Defines anti-racism and supplies specific anti-racist strategies for combating racist thinking and promoting social justice.
Preface
Acknowledgements
About the Authors
Chapter 1: Prejudice and Discrimination
VARIOUS FORMS, UNDERLYING CAUSES, AND POTENTIAL REMEDIES
Biases and Stereotypes
Prejudice
Discrimination
Forms of Prejudice and Discrimination
Microaggressions
Hate Groups
Psychological Causes of Prejudice and Discrimination
Discomfort with the Unknown or Unfamiliar
Selective Perception and Selective Memory
Categorizing People into “In” Groups and “Out” Groups
Perceiving Members of Unfamiliar Groups as More Alike than Members of One’s Own Group
Strengthening Self-Esteem by Identifying or Associating with a “Superior” Group
Rationalizing Prejudice and Discrimination as Justifiable
Strategies for Overcoming Bias
Practicing Mindfulness
Reducing Implicit Bias: A Four-Step Model
Stage 1. Awareness
Stage 2. Acknowledgement
Stage 3. Acceptance
Stage 4. Action
Action Strategies for Developing Intercultural Competency and Increasing Interaction with Members of Diverse Cultural Groups
Action Strategies for Combating Prejudice and Discrimination Displayed by Others
Chapter Summary and Highlights
Internet Resources
References
Chapter Exercises and Reflections
Chapter 2: Race and Racism
DEFINITIONS, DISTINCTIONS, & CAUSES OF RACIAL PREJUDICE
Defining Race
Race as a Socially Constructed Concept
History of Changing Racial Classifications
The Distinction between Race and Ethnicity
Racism
Causes of Racism
Group Identification
Implicit (Unconscious) Racial Bias
Racial Bias in the News Media
Racial Bias in TV Entertainment
Racial Bias in Film and Cinema
Chapter Summary and Highlights
Internet Resources
References
Chapter Exercises and Reflections
Chapter 3: Historical Roots & Current Forms of Racism
Introduction
Historical Origins of Racism
Economic Roots of Racism
Political Roots of Racism
Religious Roots of Racism
Scientific (Pseudoscientific) Racism
Forms & Expressions of Racism
Racial Segregation
Miscegenation (Forbidding Interracial Marriage)
Colorism
Cultural Racism
Strategic Racism (a.k.a. White Identity Politics)
“Dog Whistle” Racism
Systemic Racism
Chapter Summary and Highlights
Internet Resources
References
Chapter Exercises and Reflections
Chapter 4: Roots of Systemic Racism
PART I: SLAVERY
Introduction
Definition and History of Slavery
Origin of the Slavery System in Colonial America
The Jamestown Project: Merging Democracy and Racial Equality
The Arrival of Pilgrims and Their Racist Religious Beliefs
Adoption and Legalization of Black-based Slavery
Importation of Black Slaves to the American Colonies
Slavery and the Birth of the United States as an Independent Nation
Continuation of Slavery in the United States after Abolishment of International Slave Trade
The Distinctive Nature of America’s Slavery System
Conditions of Slavery and Treatment of Enslaved Blacks
The Nature of Slave Labor
Clothing, Shelter, Food and Healthcare
Slave Buying and Selling
Slave Families
How Slaves were Deprived Education
Slave Culture
How Slaves were Controlled
Slave Revolts and Rebellions
The Abolitionist Movement
The Civil War
The End of the Civil War and the Abolition of Slavery
Chapter Summary and Highlights
Internet Resources
References
Chapter Exercises and Reflections
Chapter 5: Roots of Systemic Racism
PART II: RECONSTRUCTION AND JIM CROW
The Reconstruction Period following the Abolition of Slavery
The Obstruction of Reconstruction
Violation of Black Voting Rights
Anti-Black Violence and the Emergence of the Ku Klux Klan
Anti-Black Discrimination in the North
The End of Reconstruction
Black Life and Civil Rights after Reconstruction
From Plantation Slavery to Sharecropping
The Birth of Jim Crow
Jim Crow-like Segregation in the North
Educational Segregation and Inequality
Suppression of Voting Rights
Black Codes
Anti-Black Violence during Jim Crow
Black Lynchings
Attempts to Justify Slavery and Anti-Black Racism during Jim Crow
Migration of Blacks to the North
Emergence of the Civil Rights Movement
Whites’ Reactions to the Civil Rights Movement
Rise of the Black Power Movement
Urban Race Riots
Chapter Summary and Highlights
Internet Resources
References
Chapter Exercises and Reflections
Chapter 6: Systemic Racism in the Housing System
RESTRICTION OF REIDENTIAL OPTIONS & HOME OWNERSHIP OPPORTUNITIES
Introduction
Housing Discrimination during Slavery and Reconstruction
White Homeowners’ Resistance to Residential Integration
Racial Zoning Ordinances
Exclusionary Zoning and Restrictive Covenants
The Federal Government’s Role in Promoting Racial Segregation in Housing
The New Deal and Redlining
Government-Sanctioned Housing Discrimination during World War II and the Postwar Years
The GI Bill and the Development of Racially
Segregated Suburbs
Racially Segregated Public Housing Projects
Policies and Practices Leading to the Development of Urban Slums and Black Ghettos
Urban Renewal and Slum Clearance Projects
The Urban Race Riots of the 1960s
Relationship between Past Governmental Housing Polices and Current Black-White Gaps in Wealth
Discriminatory Private Real Estate Practices
Racial Covenants
Blockbusting
Racial Steering
Predatory Lending
White Flight
Conclusion
Chapter Summary and Highlights
Internet Resources
References
Chapter Exercises and Reflections
Chapter 7: Systemic Racism in the Economic System
Systemic Racism in Employment, Wages, and Wealth
Root Causes for Racial Gaps in Income and Wealth
Racial Gaps in Employment and Wages
Racial Gaps in Wealth
How Racial Gaps in Home Ownership Create Racial Gaps in Wealth
Racial Discrimination in Employment and Wages
Impact of Deindustrialization on Black Employment
Current Racial Gaps in Unemployment
Racial Bias in Hiring Practices
Causes of Radical Gaps in Employment, Wages, and Wealth: A Summary
The Case for Reparations
Chapter Summary and Highlights
Internet Resources
References
Chapter Exercises and Reflections
Chapter 8: Systemic Racism in the Education & Healthcare Systems
The Education System: Systemic Racism in School Quality and Equality of Learning Opportunities
History of Racism in America’s Education System
Historic Systemic Racism in Colleges and Universities
Systemic Racism in Education Resulting from Inequitable School Funding
Racial Inequalities in School Quality
Racial Gaps in Academic Achievement
The Benefits of Racially Integrated Schools
The Healthcare System: Access to Quality Medical Care and Equal Medical Treatment
Origins of Systemic Racism in Health Care
Current Forms of Systemic Racism in Healthcare
Unethical Experiments Performed on Blacks to Discover Medical Treatments
How Racial Differences in Residential Environments Impact Racial Disparities in Health
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Impact of the Physical Environment
Food Desserts and Greenspace
Psychological Stressors
Conclusion
Chapter Summary and Highlights
Internet Resources
References
Chapter Exercises and Reflections
Chapter 9: Systemic Racism in the Electoral and Criminal Justice Systems
The Electoral System: Voting Rights, Political Participation, and Political Representation
History of Black Voter Suppression
Use of Violence to Suppress the Black Vote and Remove Elected Black Officials
Suppressing Black Votes by Imposing Poll Taxes, Literacy Tests, & Black Code Laws
Current Voter Suppression Tactics
Prohibiting Voting among Incarcerated Citizens
The Criminal Justice System: Policing Practices, Legal Representation, and Sentencing Policies
Monitoring and Arrest
Pretrial Detention
Legal Representation
Conviction and Sentencing
Incarceration
Post-Incarceration Punishment
Long-Term Impact of Incarceration on Black Employment and Income
Impact of Incarceration on Black Homelessness and Family Stability
How the “War on Drugs” Intensified Systemic Racism in the Criminal Justice System
Racial Profiling for Drug Arrests
Racially Discriminatory Sentencing Practices for Drug Use
The Role of Government in Exacerbating the Racially Discriminatory “War on Drugs”
Role of Implicit Racial Bias in the Perception, Detection, and Reaction to Violent Crime
Racial Bias in Use of Aggressive Police Practices
Police Reform Advocates and Arguments
Systemic and Proactive Approaches to Crime Prevention
Conclusion
Chapter Summary and Highlights
Internet Resources
References
Chapter Exercises and Reflections
Chapter 10: Anti-Racist Strategies for Combating Systemic Racism
Defining Anti-Racism
Responding to Common Racist Arguments with Evidence-Based Counterarguments
Why Collective Action is Needed to Combat Systemic Racism
Action Strategies for Combating Systemic Racism
Using the Voting Process to Elect Social Justice Advocates
Electing Racially Diverse Political Representatives
Joining, Volunteering, or Donating to Anti-Racist Organizations
Engaging in Allyship, Activism, and Protest
Conclusion
Chapter Summary and Highlights
Internet Resources
References
Reflections and Applications
Appendix A: Tracing the Turning Points
A Timeline of Key Events on the Historical Road to Racial Inequality
Appendix B: Connecting the Dots
Unearthing the Historical Roots of Racial Inequities in Current Social Systems
Glossary
Index
Joe Cuseo holds a doctoral degree in Educational Psychology and Assessment from the University of Iowa and is Professor Emeritus of Psychology. For more than 25 years, he directed the first-year seminar—a core college success course required of all new students.
He’s a 14-time recipient of the “faculty member of the year award” on his home campus—a student-driven award based on effective teaching and academic advising; a recipient of the “Outstanding First-Year Student Advocate Award” from the National Resource Center for The First-Year Experience and Students in Transition; and a recipient of the “Diamond Honoree Award” from the American College Personnel Association (ACPA) for contributions made to student development and the Student Affairs profession.
+++__Currently, Joe serves as an educational advisor and consultant for AVID—a nonprofit organization whose mission is to promote the college access and college success of underserved student populations. He has delivered hundreds of campus workshops and conference presentations across North America, as well as Europe, Asia, Australia, and the Middle East.
Aaron Thompson is a Professor of Sociology in the Department of Educational Leadership and Policy Studies at Eastern Kentucky University. Thompson has a Ph.D. in Sociology in areas of Organizational Behavior and Race and Gender relations. Thompson has researched, taught and/or consulted in areas of diversity, leadership, ethics, multicultural families, race and ethnic relations, student success, first-year students, retention, cultural competence and organizational design throughout his personal career. He has over 30 publications and numerous research and peer reviewed presentations.
Thompson has traveled over the U.S. and has given more than 300 workshops, seminars and invited lectures in areas of race and gender diversity, living an unbiased life, overcoming obstacles to gain success, creating a school environment for academic success, cultural competence, workplace interaction, leadership, organizational goal setting, building relationships, the first-year seminar, and a variety of other topics. He has been or is a consultant to educational institutions (elementary, secondary and postsecondary), corporations, non-profit organizations, police departments, and other governmental agencies.
His latest co-authored books are Thriving in College and Beyond: Research-Based Strategies for Academic Success and Personal Development, Focus on Success and Black Men and Divorce and three books relating to diversity: Diversity and the College Experience; Humanity, Diversity, & the Liberal Arts: The Foundation of a College Education (summer reading), and Infusing Diversity into the College Experience: Research-Based Strategies for Appreciating and Learning from Human Differences, due out in 2011.
Distinguishing Features:
- Connects the dots between past racist practices and current forms of systemic racism.
- Takes a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach, synthesizing research from history, the behavioral and biological sciences, political science, media studies, and public policy.
- Carefully documented with a blend of empirical studies, statistical data, and personal narratives.
- Constructed with college students in mind, infusing learning features that encourage student reflection and writing, and anti-racism action strategies that students can put into practice.
- Internet resources provided and copious references cited to give students the opportunity to seek out further knowledge about each chapter topic.
Key Content:
- Unearths the underlying psychological causes of implicit bias and group stereotyping and supplies specific strategies for overcoming them.
- Identifies the origins of racism from its roots in economics, politics, religion and science, its historical development, and current manifestations in the form of segregation, colorism, cultural racism, and strategic political racism.
- Traces the history of systemic racism from slavery, through the Civil War, the death of Reconstruction, the birth of Jim Crow, and the emergence of the Civil Rights Movement.
- Examines the historical antecedents and current remnants of systemic racism in the following societal systems:
- Housing: Residential Choice and Home Ownership Opportunities
- Economic: Employment, Wages, and Wealth
- Education: Quality of Schools and Equality of Learning Opportunities
- Healthcare: Access to Quality Medical Care and Equal Medical Treatment
- Electoral: Voting Rights and Political Representation
- Criminal Justice: Policing Practices, Legal Representation, and Sentencing Policies
- Defines anti-racism and supplies specific anti-racist strategies for combating racist thinking and promoting social justice.
Preface
Acknowledgements
About the Authors
Chapter 1: Prejudice and Discrimination
VARIOUS FORMS, UNDERLYING CAUSES, AND POTENTIAL REMEDIES
Biases and Stereotypes
Prejudice
Discrimination
Forms of Prejudice and Discrimination
Microaggressions
Hate Groups
Psychological Causes of Prejudice and Discrimination
Discomfort with the Unknown or Unfamiliar
Selective Perception and Selective Memory
Categorizing People into “In” Groups and “Out” Groups
Perceiving Members of Unfamiliar Groups as More Alike than Members of One’s Own Group
Strengthening Self-Esteem by Identifying or Associating with a “Superior” Group
Rationalizing Prejudice and Discrimination as Justifiable
Strategies for Overcoming Bias
Practicing Mindfulness
Reducing Implicit Bias: A Four-Step Model
Stage 1. Awareness
Stage 2. Acknowledgement
Stage 3. Acceptance
Stage 4. Action
Action Strategies for Developing Intercultural Competency and Increasing Interaction with Members of Diverse Cultural Groups
Action Strategies for Combating Prejudice and Discrimination Displayed by Others
Chapter Summary and Highlights
Internet Resources
References
Chapter Exercises and Reflections
Chapter 2: Race and Racism
DEFINITIONS, DISTINCTIONS, & CAUSES OF RACIAL PREJUDICE
Defining Race
Race as a Socially Constructed Concept
History of Changing Racial Classifications
The Distinction between Race and Ethnicity
Racism
Causes of Racism
Group Identification
Implicit (Unconscious) Racial Bias
Racial Bias in the News Media
Racial Bias in TV Entertainment
Racial Bias in Film and Cinema
Chapter Summary and Highlights
Internet Resources
References
Chapter Exercises and Reflections
Chapter 3: Historical Roots & Current Forms of Racism
Introduction
Historical Origins of Racism
Economic Roots of Racism
Political Roots of Racism
Religious Roots of Racism
Scientific (Pseudoscientific) Racism
Forms & Expressions of Racism
Racial Segregation
Miscegenation (Forbidding Interracial Marriage)
Colorism
Cultural Racism
Strategic Racism (a.k.a. White Identity Politics)
“Dog Whistle” Racism
Systemic Racism
Chapter Summary and Highlights
Internet Resources
References
Chapter Exercises and Reflections
Chapter 4: Roots of Systemic Racism
PART I: SLAVERY
Introduction
Definition and History of Slavery
Origin of the Slavery System in Colonial America
The Jamestown Project: Merging Democracy and Racial Equality
The Arrival of Pilgrims and Their Racist Religious Beliefs
Adoption and Legalization of Black-based Slavery
Importation of Black Slaves to the American Colonies
Slavery and the Birth of the United States as an Independent Nation
Continuation of Slavery in the United States after Abolishment of International Slave Trade
The Distinctive Nature of America’s Slavery System
Conditions of Slavery and Treatment of Enslaved Blacks
The Nature of Slave Labor
Clothing, Shelter, Food and Healthcare
Slave Buying and Selling
Slave Families
How Slaves were Deprived Education
Slave Culture
How Slaves were Controlled
Slave Revolts and Rebellions
The Abolitionist Movement
The Civil War
The End of the Civil War and the Abolition of Slavery
Chapter Summary and Highlights
Internet Resources
References
Chapter Exercises and Reflections
Chapter 5: Roots of Systemic Racism
PART II: RECONSTRUCTION AND JIM CROW
The Reconstruction Period following the Abolition of Slavery
The Obstruction of Reconstruction
Violation of Black Voting Rights
Anti-Black Violence and the Emergence of the Ku Klux Klan
Anti-Black Discrimination in the North
The End of Reconstruction
Black Life and Civil Rights after Reconstruction
From Plantation Slavery to Sharecropping
The Birth of Jim Crow
Jim Crow-like Segregation in the North
Educational Segregation and Inequality
Suppression of Voting Rights
Black Codes
Anti-Black Violence during Jim Crow
Black Lynchings
Attempts to Justify Slavery and Anti-Black Racism during Jim Crow
Migration of Blacks to the North
Emergence of the Civil Rights Movement
Whites’ Reactions to the Civil Rights Movement
Rise of the Black Power Movement
Urban Race Riots
Chapter Summary and Highlights
Internet Resources
References
Chapter Exercises and Reflections
Chapter 6: Systemic Racism in the Housing System
RESTRICTION OF REIDENTIAL OPTIONS & HOME OWNERSHIP OPPORTUNITIES
Introduction
Housing Discrimination during Slavery and Reconstruction
White Homeowners’ Resistance to Residential Integration
Racial Zoning Ordinances
Exclusionary Zoning and Restrictive Covenants
The Federal Government’s Role in Promoting Racial Segregation in Housing
The New Deal and Redlining
Government-Sanctioned Housing Discrimination during World War II and the Postwar Years
The GI Bill and the Development of Racially
Segregated Suburbs
Racially Segregated Public Housing Projects
Policies and Practices Leading to the Development of Urban Slums and Black Ghettos
Urban Renewal and Slum Clearance Projects
The Urban Race Riots of the 1960s
Relationship between Past Governmental Housing Polices and Current Black-White Gaps in Wealth
Discriminatory Private Real Estate Practices
Racial Covenants
Blockbusting
Racial Steering
Predatory Lending
White Flight
Conclusion
Chapter Summary and Highlights
Internet Resources
References
Chapter Exercises and Reflections
Chapter 7: Systemic Racism in the Economic System
Systemic Racism in Employment, Wages, and Wealth
Root Causes for Racial Gaps in Income and Wealth
Racial Gaps in Employment and Wages
Racial Gaps in Wealth
How Racial Gaps in Home Ownership Create Racial Gaps in Wealth
Racial Discrimination in Employment and Wages
Impact of Deindustrialization on Black Employment
Current Racial Gaps in Unemployment
Racial Bias in Hiring Practices
Causes of Radical Gaps in Employment, Wages, and Wealth: A Summary
The Case for Reparations
Chapter Summary and Highlights
Internet Resources
References
Chapter Exercises and Reflections
Chapter 8: Systemic Racism in the Education & Healthcare Systems
The Education System: Systemic Racism in School Quality and Equality of Learning Opportunities
History of Racism in America’s Education System
Historic Systemic Racism in Colleges and Universities
Systemic Racism in Education Resulting from Inequitable School Funding
Racial Inequalities in School Quality
Racial Gaps in Academic Achievement
The Benefits of Racially Integrated Schools
The Healthcare System: Access to Quality Medical Care and Equal Medical Treatment
Origins of Systemic Racism in Health Care
Current Forms of Systemic Racism in Healthcare
Unethical Experiments Performed on Blacks to Discover Medical Treatments
How Racial Differences in Residential Environments Impact Racial Disparities in Health
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Impact of the Physical Environment
Food Desserts and Greenspace
Psychological Stressors
Conclusion
Chapter Summary and Highlights
Internet Resources
References
Chapter Exercises and Reflections
Chapter 9: Systemic Racism in the Electoral and Criminal Justice Systems
The Electoral System: Voting Rights, Political Participation, and Political Representation
History of Black Voter Suppression
Use of Violence to Suppress the Black Vote and Remove Elected Black Officials
Suppressing Black Votes by Imposing Poll Taxes, Literacy Tests, & Black Code Laws
Current Voter Suppression Tactics
Prohibiting Voting among Incarcerated Citizens
The Criminal Justice System: Policing Practices, Legal Representation, and Sentencing Policies
Monitoring and Arrest
Pretrial Detention
Legal Representation
Conviction and Sentencing
Incarceration
Post-Incarceration Punishment
Long-Term Impact of Incarceration on Black Employment and Income
Impact of Incarceration on Black Homelessness and Family Stability
How the “War on Drugs” Intensified Systemic Racism in the Criminal Justice System
Racial Profiling for Drug Arrests
Racially Discriminatory Sentencing Practices for Drug Use
The Role of Government in Exacerbating the Racially Discriminatory “War on Drugs”
Role of Implicit Racial Bias in the Perception, Detection, and Reaction to Violent Crime
Racial Bias in Use of Aggressive Police Practices
Police Reform Advocates and Arguments
Systemic and Proactive Approaches to Crime Prevention
Conclusion
Chapter Summary and Highlights
Internet Resources
References
Chapter Exercises and Reflections
Chapter 10: Anti-Racist Strategies for Combating Systemic Racism
Defining Anti-Racism
Responding to Common Racist Arguments with Evidence-Based Counterarguments
Why Collective Action is Needed to Combat Systemic Racism
Action Strategies for Combating Systemic Racism
Using the Voting Process to Elect Social Justice Advocates
Electing Racially Diverse Political Representatives
Joining, Volunteering, or Donating to Anti-Racist Organizations
Engaging in Allyship, Activism, and Protest
Conclusion
Chapter Summary and Highlights
Internet Resources
References
Reflections and Applications
Appendix A: Tracing the Turning Points
A Timeline of Key Events on the Historical Road to Racial Inequality
Appendix B: Connecting the Dots
Unearthing the Historical Roots of Racial Inequities in Current Social Systems
Glossary
Index
Joe Cuseo holds a doctoral degree in Educational Psychology and Assessment from the University of Iowa and is Professor Emeritus of Psychology. For more than 25 years, he directed the first-year seminar—a core college success course required of all new students.
He’s a 14-time recipient of the “faculty member of the year award” on his home campus—a student-driven award based on effective teaching and academic advising; a recipient of the “Outstanding First-Year Student Advocate Award” from the National Resource Center for The First-Year Experience and Students in Transition; and a recipient of the “Diamond Honoree Award” from the American College Personnel Association (ACPA) for contributions made to student development and the Student Affairs profession.
+++__Currently, Joe serves as an educational advisor and consultant for AVID—a nonprofit organization whose mission is to promote the college access and college success of underserved student populations. He has delivered hundreds of campus workshops and conference presentations across North America, as well as Europe, Asia, Australia, and the Middle East.
Aaron Thompson is a Professor of Sociology in the Department of Educational Leadership and Policy Studies at Eastern Kentucky University. Thompson has a Ph.D. in Sociology in areas of Organizational Behavior and Race and Gender relations. Thompson has researched, taught and/or consulted in areas of diversity, leadership, ethics, multicultural families, race and ethnic relations, student success, first-year students, retention, cultural competence and organizational design throughout his personal career. He has over 30 publications and numerous research and peer reviewed presentations.
Thompson has traveled over the U.S. and has given more than 300 workshops, seminars and invited lectures in areas of race and gender diversity, living an unbiased life, overcoming obstacles to gain success, creating a school environment for academic success, cultural competence, workplace interaction, leadership, organizational goal setting, building relationships, the first-year seminar, and a variety of other topics. He has been or is a consultant to educational institutions (elementary, secondary and postsecondary), corporations, non-profit organizations, police departments, and other governmental agencies.
His latest co-authored books are Thriving in College and Beyond: Research-Based Strategies for Academic Success and Personal Development, Focus on Success and Black Men and Divorce and three books relating to diversity: Diversity and the College Experience; Humanity, Diversity, & the Liberal Arts: The Foundation of a College Education (summer reading), and Infusing Diversity into the College Experience: Research-Based Strategies for Appreciating and Learning from Human Differences, due out in 2011.