This lab manual was designed to be a supplement to the textbook Earth Science,
15th edition, by F. K. Lutgens and E. J. Tarbuck, Prentice Hall Publishing Company
(http://www.prenhall.com/lutgens/) and used in the lab-based Physical Science I
course. (It could be used with any lab-based Physical Science course as well.)
Typical Student Learning Outcomes: Upon successful completion of the course,
students will be able to demonstrate competence in the following skills:
1. Apply the fundamental scientific approach to the various phenomena of natural
sciences, based on the concepts, facts, and definitions of the earth sciences.
2. Apply the principles of scientific method to the solution of specific science
problems.
3. Conduct laboratory exercises and develop competency in the skills needed.
4. Evaluate results of experiments, estimate errors, and analyze the reasons of errors.
5. Use different units of measure, including the metric system.
6. Convert different units of measurement.
Preface .
Introduction—Role of the Lab Experiments in
the Scientific Method
Variables, Measurements, and Units .
Errors, Precision, and Accuracy .
Scientific Notation
Significant Figures
Labs .
Basic Calculations and Scientific Notation
Basic Measurements Using Unusual Units of Length
Mineral Identification
Common Rock Identification .
Measurement of Density .
Soil and Hydrologic Cycle
Periodic Table Study and the Composition of Matter .
Astronomical Measurements by Triangulation
Experiments on Geological Models .
Earth Motion and Sun Observations
Moon and Stars Astronomical Observations .
Angles and Common Shaped Figures
Ellipses and Kepler’s Laws
Appendix A—Mineral Identification Charts
Appendix B—Key Reference Properties
for Common Rock Identification
Appendix C—Periodic Table .
References