1. Mathematical Tools
Unit 1.1 Powers of Ten
Unit 1.2 Measuring Angles
Unit 1.3 Temperature Scales
Unit 1.4 Mass, Weight, and Density
Unit 1.5 Astronauts’ Weights
2. Unaided Eye Observations
Unit 2.1 Introduction to the Night Sky
Unit 2.2 Use of Star Maps
Unit 2.3 Constellations and Mythology
3. Tools for Astronomical Measurements
Unit 3.1 Lens Optics
Unit 3.2 Telescopes
Unit 3.3 Astrophotography
Unit 3.4 Spectral Analysis
4. A Closer Look through Telescopes
Unit 4.1 Lunar Features
Unit 4.2 Mercury, Venus, Mars and Saturn
Unit 4.3 Jupiter and the Galilean Moons
Unit 4.4 Double Stars, Clusters and Galaxies
5. A Closer Look with Other Tools
Unit 5.1 The Ecliptic
Unit 5.2 The Length of the Day
Unit 5.3 Earth’s Geographical Coordinate System
Unit 5.4 The Altitude and Azimuth of the Sun
Unit 5.5 The Celestial Sphere
Unit 5.6 Phases of the Moon
Unit 5.7 The Apparent Path of the Moon
Unit 5.8 Moon and Mars Landing Sites
6. The Solar System and Beyond
Unit 6.1 A Scale Model of the Earth
Unit 6.2 A Scale Model of the Solar System
Unit 6.3 Planetary Characteristics
Unit 6.4 Mercury’s Orbit
Unit 6.5 Kuiper Belt Objects
Unit 6.6 Exoplanetary Systems and Habitable Zones
7. From Stars to Galaxies
Unit 7.1 Parallax: The Distance to a Star
Unit 7.2 The Diameters and Luminosities of Stars
Unit 7.3 The HR and MK Diagram
Unit 7.4 Cepheids and Other Pulsators
Unit 7.5 Globular Clusters and Molecular Clouds
Unit 7.6 The Hubble Distance-Redshift Relation
8. A Little Bit of Astrophysics
Unit 8.1 The Solar Spectrum
Unit 8.2 The Doppler Effect
Unit 8.3 The Colors and Luminosities of Stars
Unit 8.4 Spectroscopic Binaries
Unit 8.5 Eclipsing Binaries
Unit 8.6 Masses of Exoplanet Host Stars
Unit 8.7 Black Holes
Tables
1. Astronomical and Physical Constants
2. The Eight Planets
3. Kuiper Belt Objects
4. The Nearest Stars
5. The Brightest Stars
6. Variable Stars
7. The Messier Catalogue
8. Coordinates of the Ecliptic
Source Information and Suggested Readings