Principles of Telecommunications: Foundations of Information Technologies
Edition: 1
Copyright: 2022
Pages: 550
Edition: 1
Copyright: 2022
Pages: 550
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The textbook is designed specifically for those involved in the IT field as either a student or working professional. It presents basic communications theories in a manner that intentionally avoids the lengthy mathematical derivations found in similar texts designed for the electrical engineering student, while providing easily understood equations and concepts necessary for the understanding of telecommunications concepts. The first five chapters of this textbook covers basic theories in electricity, the electromagnetic spectrum, optical signals, analog and digital signals, modulation, networking, transmission mediums, and radio frequency (RF) communications. This is followed by chapters describing how these basic concepts are applied to today’s modern digital networks such as local area networks (LANs), wireless local networks (WLANs), wireless personal area networks (WPANs), wide area networks (WANs), the public switched telephone network (PSTN), broadband access methods, the Internet, and cellular smartphone communications. The final chapter covers satellite communications theory including orbital mechanics and link analysis. The concepts discussed in this textbook gives the reader an ability to better understand the potential, as well as the limitations, of modern IT systems.
Preface
Chapter 1 Fundamentals
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Electrical Signals
1.2.1 Direct Current (DC) Circuit
1.2.2 Signal Representation using the Sinusoidal Waveform
1.2.3 Alternating Current (AC) Circuit
1.3 Electromagnetic (EM) Waves
1.3.1 Power Density of an EM Signal
1.4 Information Signals and Frequency Bandwidth
1.5 Optical Signal Basics
1.6 The Decibel (dB)
1.7 Common Definitions used in Communications
Key Concepts
Key Terms
Chapter 1 Problems
Chapter 2 Analog and Digital Communications
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Analog Communications
2.2.1 Amplitude Modulation
2.2.2 Angular Modulation
2.2.2.1 Frequency Modulation
2.2.2.2 Phase Modulation
2.3 Digital Communications
2.3.1 Data Encoding
2.3.2 Digital Modulation, Analog Carrier
2.3.2.1 Amplitude Shift Keying
2.3.2.2 Frequency-Shift Keying
2.3.2.3 Phase-Shift Keying
2.3.2.4 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
2.3.3 Line Coding
2.3.3.1 Nonreturn to Zero
2.3.3.2 Bipolar Alternate Mark Inversion
2.3.3.3 Manchester Line Coding
2.3.3.4 Bipolar with Eight-Zero Substitution
2.3.3.5 4B5B
2.3.4 Digital Representation of Analog Information
2.3.4.1 Pulse Code Modulation
2.3.5 Digital Compression
2.3.6 Error Control
2.3.6.1 Error Detection
2.3.6.2 Automatic Repeat Request
2.3.6.3 Error Correction
2.3.7 Network Timing Basics
2.3.8 Time Division Multiplexing
2.3.9 Spread Spectrum Technologies
2.3.9.1 DSSS Simple Example
2.3.10 Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
Key Concepts
Key Terms
Chapter 2 Problems
Chapter 3 Communication Networks
3.1 Introduction
3.2 The Basic Network
3.2.1 The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Reference Model
3.3 Physical Layer Communications Flow
3.3.1 Data Terminal Equipment (DTE) and Data Communications Equipment (DCE)
3.4 Network Switching
3.4.1 Circuit Switching
3.4.2 Packet Switching
3.5 Introduction to Network Access
3.6 Cloud Networking
3.7 Network security
3.7.1 Examples of Security Applications
3.7.1.1 Public-Key Cryptography
3.7.1.2 Message Integrity
3.7.1.2.1 One-way Hash Functions
3.7.1.2.2 Digital Certificates
3.7.1.3 IP Security (IPSec)
3.7.1.4 Secure Socket Layer (SSL) and Transport Layer Security (TLS)
Key Concepts
Key Terms
Chapter 3 Problems
Chapter 4 Transmission Mediums
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Noise in Communications Systems
4.2.1 Thermal Noise
4.2.2 Other Noise Sources
4.3 Digital Communications Capacity
4.4 Guided Medium
4.4.1 Twisted Pair
4.4.2 Coaxial Cable
4.4.3 Fiber-Optic (FO) Cable
4.4.3.1 Multimode Fiber (MMF) Optic Cable
4.4.3.2 Single-Mode Fiber (SMF) Optic Cable
4.4.3.3 Light Sources, Detectors, Amplifiers, and Repeaters
4.5 Unguided Medium
4.5.1 Microwave Communications
4.5.2 Satellite Communications
4.5.3 Free-Space Optics
Key Concepts
Key Terms
Chapter 4 Problems
Chapter 5 RF Communications
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Electromagnetic (EM) Wave Theory
5.3 Antenna Theory
5.3.1 Impedance Matching
5.3.2 Resonant and Nonresonant Antennas
5.3.3 The Parabolic Antenna
5.4 Friis Free Space Loss (FSL)
5.5 Link Analysis
5.5.1 Clear Weather Link Analysis
5.5.2 Impact of Weather on Path Loss
5.5.3 Carrier-to-Noise Ratio (CNR) and Receive System Noise
5.5.4 Noise Factor and Noise Figure
5.5.5 G/T, Receive System Figure-of-Merit
5.6 Data Rate Capacity
5.7 Multipath and Multiple-Input, Multiple-Output (MIMO)
5.8 Phased Array and Patch Antennas
Key Concepts
Key Terms
Chapter 5 Problems
Chapter 6 Local Area Network (LAN)
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Local Area Network Architecture
6.2.1 Centralized and Decentralized Access Control
6.3 IEEE 802.3 Ethernet LAN
6.3.1 IEEE 802.3 Physical and Data Link Layers
6.3.2 Ethernet 802.3 Selected Standards
6.3.2.1 10Base-T
6.3.2.2 100Base-T (Fast Ethernet)
6.3.2.3 1000Base-T (GbE)
6.3.2.4 10GBase-T
6.3.2.5 Ethernet and Fiber Optic Cables
6.3.2.5.1 100Base-FX
6.3.2.5.2 1000Base-SX and LX
6.3.2.5.3 10GBase-SR, 10GBase-LR, and 10GBase-ER
Key Concepts
Key Terms
Chapter 6 Problems
Chapter 7 Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)
7.1 Introduction
7.2 IEEE 802.11
7.2.1 IEEE 802.11 Physical Layer (PHY)
7.2.2 IEEE 802.11 Data Link Layer
7.2.2.1 MAC Layer
7.2.2.1.1 MAC Frame Structure
7.2.2.2 Logical Link Control Layer
7.2.3 WLAN Security
7.2.4 Selected IEEE 802.11 WLAN Standards
7.2.4.1 IEEE 802.11a
7.2.4.2 IEEE 802.11b
7.2.4.3 IEEE 802.11g
7.2.4.4 IEEE 802.11n
7.2.4.5 IEEE 802.11ac and 802.11ad
7.2.4.6 IEEE 802.11ax (Wi-Fi 6)
7.3 Simple WLAN Receive Power Link Analysis Example
Key Concepts
Key Terms
Chapter 7 Problems
Chapter 8 Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN)
8.1 Introduction
8.2 IEEE 802.15 and Bluetooth Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN)
8.2.1 IEEE 802.15.1 Core System Architecture
8.2.1.1 Radio Layer
8.2.1.2 Baseband Layer
8.2.1.3 Link Manager Protocol (LMP)
8.2.1.4 Logical Link Control and Adaptation Protocol (L2CAP)
8.2.1.5 Service Discovery Protocol (SDP)
8.2.1.6 Other Bluetooth Protocols
8.2.1.7 Bluetooth Security
8.2.2 Bluetooth Versions
8.2.3 IEEE 802.15.4 ZigBee
8.2.3.1 IEEE 802.15.4 ZigBee Architecture
Key Concepts
Key Terms
Chapter 8 Problems
Chapter 9 Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) and Wide Area Networks (WANs)
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Key Moments in the History of the Telephone Industry
9.3 Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)
9.3.1 PSTN Architecture
9.3.2 Digital PSTN
9.3.2.1 T-Carrier
9.3.2.2 Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)
9.4 Public Data Network (PDN)
9.4.1 Frame Relay (FR)
9.4.2 Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)
9.4.2.1 ATM Architecture
9.4.3 Carrier Ethernet (CE)
9.4.3.1 Metropolitan Ethernet Forum
9.5 Synchronous Optical Network (SONET), Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH)
9.6 Wavelength-Division Multiplexing (WDM)
9.7 Switching Systems for Businesses and Organizations
Key Concepts
Key Terms
Chapter 9 Problems
Chapter 10 Broadband Access Methods
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
10.2.1 Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL)
10.3 Cable Antenna Television (CATV)
10.4 Passive Optical Networks (PONs)
10.5 Wireless Local Loop (WLL)
10.5.1 IEEE 802.16 Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), Broadband Wireless Access (BWA)
Key Concepts
Key Terms
Chapter 10 Problems
Chapter 11 The Internet
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Internet Architecture
11.3 Internet Protocol (IP)
11.3.1 IP Addressing
11.3.1.1 IPv4 Classful and Classless Interdomain Routing (CIDR)
11.3.2 IP Data Format
11.3.2.1 IPv4
11.3.2.2 IPv6
11.3.2.2.1 Expanded Addressing Field
11.3.2.2.2 Header Format Simplification
11.3.2.2.3 Support for Extensions, Options, Flow Labeling, and Security
11.4 Gateway Protocols
11.4.1 Network Routing
11.5 Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
11.6 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
11.7 Network Address Translation (NAT)
11.8 Domain Name System (DNS)
11.9 Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
11.10 Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
11.10.1 TCP
11.10.2 UDP
11.11 Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)
Key Concepts
Key Terms
Chapter 11 Problems
Chapter 12 Cellular Networks
12.1 Introduction
12.2 The Beginning—Radio Telephone
12.3 The Cellular Phone Concept
12.4 Regulation and Standardization
12.5 Cellular Network Architecture
12.5.1 Background—Generations, Definitions, and Acronyms
12.5.2 Basic Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) Architecture Example
12.5.2.1 Base Station Subsystem (BSS)
12.5.2.1.1 Mobile Station (MS)
12.5.2.1.2 Base Transceiver Station (BTS)
12.5.2.2 Network Subsystem (NSS)
12.5.3 Mobile Call Process
12.5.4 Mobile Device Cell Handoff Process
12.6 Cellular Generations
12.6.1 First Generation (1G)
12.6.2 Second Generation (2G)
12.6.3 Third Generation (3G)
12.6.4 Fourth Generation (4G)
12.6.4.1 Long-Term Evolution (LTE)
12.6.4.1.1 E-UTRAN Physical Link
12.6.4.1.2 LTE-Advanced Layer 2 Protocols
12.6.4.2 Mobile Worldwide Interoperability of Microwave Access (WiMAX 802.16 m)
12.6.5 Fifth Generation (5G)
Key Concepts
Key Terms
Chapter 12 Problems
Chapter 13 Satellite Communications
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Orbital Mechanics
13.2.1 The Keplerian Elements
13.2.1.1 The Special Case of the Geostationary Earth Orbit
13.2.2 Orbital Perturbations
13.3 Two Line Element
13.4 The Satellite System
13.4.1 Attitude Control
13.4.2 Satellite Station Keeping
13.4.3 Satellite Communications Equipment
13.5 Launch
13.6 Earth Stations
13.6.1 Reflector Antennas
13.7 Satellite Look Angles
13.8 Satellite Link Analysis
13.8.1 Uplink Analysis
13.8.1.1 TWTA Output Power
13.8.2 Downlink Analysis
13.8.3 Combining Uplink and Downlink Analysis
13.8.4 Exercise—Link Analysis
13.9 Satellite Networks
13.9.1 Special Topic—TCP Over a Satellite Link
Key Concepts
Keywords
Chapter 13 Problems
Appendix: Chapter Problem Solutions Bibliography
Index