Professional Ethics Across the Disciplines

Chapter 1 Introduction to Professional Ethics 
James C. Raines
I. Purpose 
 II. What is Ethics? 
 III. The Origin of Ethics 
 IV. Ethical Education 
       Case Study 1.1 Robert Fulghum 
 V. Professional Ethics 
 VI. Novice Professionals 
 VII. Ethical Values 
VIII. Kinds of Ethics 

Chapter 2 Individual Relativism 
James C. Raines
 I. Roots of Individual Relativism 
 II. Simplistic Subjectivism 
III. Emotivism 
      Box 2.1 Professional Exemplar: Dr. Larry Nassar 
IV. Expressivism 
 V. Moral Community 
      Box 2.2 Case Study: Tatiana Tarasoff 
VI. Major Attractions 
 VII. Major Weaknesses 
VIII. Chapter Summary 

Chapter 3 Cultural Relativism 
Jaret Kanarek

Chapter 4 Religious Relativism aka Divine Command Theory 
J. Danaher

Chapter 5 Ethical Egoism 
Raham Sharaf (Corresponding Author) and Seyyed Hassan Eslami Ardakani
Introduction 
 I. Rand’s Biography and Works 
 II. Rand’s Ethical Egoism 
      Definition of Ethics and Criterion of Moral Value 
      The Criterion of the Value of Living Creatures 
      The Relation between Egoism and Moral Values 
III. Study and Criticism of Rand’s Ethical Egoism 
      Incorrect Image of Self 
      To Consider Personal Life as the Criterion of Value 
      Internal Paradox of Ethical Egoism 
      Necessities and Non-Practical Implications of Ethical Egoism 
Final Evaluation 

Chapter 6 Utilitarianism 
Shaun Duke and Prabin Lama
 I. Cost–Benefit Consequentialism 
 II. Limits Consequentialism 
III. Utilitarianism 
IV. Consequentialism in the Ethical Toolkit 

Chapter 7 Deontology 
Shaun Duke and Prabin Lama
 I. What Can Be an Obligation for Us? 
 II. Deontological Theories as Decision-Making Tools 

Chapter 8 Natural Law Ethics 
Mark Murphy

Chapter 9 Rights Ethics 65
Leif Wenar

Chapter 10 Virtue Ethics 
Shaun Duke and Prabin Lama
 I. Virtue Theories as Decision-Making Tools 
 II. Building a Virtue-Theory Tool for Ethical Evaluation 

Chapter 11 Rhetorical Setting 
Mark Curtis-Thames
 I. Understanding Rhetorical Situations 
     Rhetorical Listening 
     Audience 
     Purpose 
     Context 
     Context Questions 
     Exercise 11A Identifying Audience, Purpose, and Context 
 II. Analyzing Rhetoric 
      Interpreting Audience 
      Identifying Purpose 
      Understanding Context 
      Exercise 11B Beginning Rhetorical Analyses 

Chapter 12 Rhetorical Analysis 
Mark Curtis-Thames
 I. What is Rhetoric? 
     Classical Rhetoric 
     The Five Canons of Rhetoric 
     Modern Rhetoric 
     Our Definition 
     Exercise 12A Rhetoric in Your Everyday Life 
 II. What are Arguments? 
      Argumentative Components 
      Exercise 12B Argument, Fact, or Fight 
III. Why Rhetoric and Arguments Matter Today 

Chapter 13 Moral Reasoning 
Mark Curtis-Thames
 I. Common Fallacies 
     Ad hominem 
     Equivocation 
     Non Sequitur 
     Argument from Ignorance 
     Reductio ad Hitlerum 
     Argumentum ad Populum 
     False Dilemma 
     Slippery Slope 
     Special Pleading 
     Straw Man 
     Tu quoque 
     Hasty Generalization 
     Red Herring 
     Circular Reasoning
     Exercise 13A Identifying Basic Fallacies 
     Exercise 13B Identifying Complex Fallacies 
 II. Reasoning and Cognitive Bias 
      Confirmation Bias 
      Exercise 13C Comparing Searches to Avoid Confirmation Bias 
      Echo Chambers 
     Exercise 13D Identifying Echo Chambers in Social Media 
     Loaded Language 
     Exercise 13E Identifying Loaded Language in Arguments 
III. Bad Faith Behavior 
      Sealioning/Just Asking Questions 

Chapter 14 Power & Ethics 
Benfari et al., 1986

Chapter 15 Fiduciary Responsibility 
James C. Raines
 I. Types of Duties 
     Box 15.1 The Karen Beyer story 
 II. Types of Fiduciary Relationships 
III. Who is the Client? 
IV. Stakeholders 
 V. Chapter Summary 

Bibliography