Professional Ethics Across the Disciplines

Chapter 1  Introduction to Professional Ethics 
James C. Raines
I. Purpose 
II. What is Ethics? 
III. The Origin of Ethics 
IV. Ethical Education 
Case Study 1.1 Robert Fulghum 
V. Professional Ethics 
VI. Novice Professionals 
VII. Ethical Values 
VIII. Kinds of Ethics 

Chapter 2  Individual Relativism 
James C. Raines
I. Roots of Individual Relativism 
II. Simplistic Subjectivism 
III. Emotivism 
Box 2.1 Professional Exemplar: Dr. Larry Nassar 
IV. Expressivism 
V. Moral Community 
Box 2.2 Case Study: Tatiana Tarasoff 
VI. Major Attractions 
VII. Major Weaknesses 
VIII. Chapter Summary 

Chapter 3  Cultural Relativism 
James C. Raines
I. Roots of Cultural Relativism 
II. Descriptive Ethical Relativism 
III. Normative Cultural Relativism 
IV. Epistemological Cultural Relativism 
V. Moral Community 
Box 3.1 Enron Corporation 
Box 3.2 Ally Financial 
VI. Major Attractions 
VII. Major Weaknesses 
Case Study 3.1 Women Driving 
VIII. Chapter Summary 

Chapter 4  Religious Relativism 
James C. Raines
I. Roots of Religious Relativism 
Religious Source 
Box 4.1 Kant vs. Kierkegaard 
Philosophical Source 
II. Moral Community 
Box 4.2 Mother Teresa 
III. Major Attractions 
IV. Major Weaknesses 
Religious Objections 
Philosophical Objections 
V. Interfaith Consensus 
Box 4.3 Pharmacist’s Refusal 
VI. Postscript 
VII. Chapter Summary 

Chapter 5  Ethical Egoism 
James C. Raines
I. Roots of Ethical Egoism 
II. Adam Smith 
III. Friedrich Nietzsche 
IV. Psychological Egoism 
V. Selfishness as a Virtue 
VI. Moral Community 
Box 5.1 Donald Trump 
VII. Influence on Society 
VIII. Major Attractions 
IX. Major Weaknesses 
Box 5.2 Grafton, NH 
X. Chapter Summary 

Chapter 6  Utilitarianism 
James C. Raines
I. Roots of Utilitarianism 
Epicurus 
David Hume 
II. Classical Utilitarianism 
Act Utilitarianism 
Rule Utilitarianism 
III. Moral Community 
Box 6.1 Wilma Mankiller 
IV. Attractions of Utilitarianism 
V. Weaknesses 
Box 6.2 Case Study: Psychologists Under Fire 
VI. Chapter Summary 

Chapter 7  Deontology (Duty-Based) Ethics 
James C. Raines
I. Roots of Deontology 
Cicero 
Epictetus 
II. Deontology 
Absolutist Deontology 
Pluralistic Deontology 
III. Moral Community 
Box 7.1 Dr. Hanna-Attisha 
IV. Major Attractions 
V. Major Weaknesses 
Box 7.2 Monica Lewinsky & Cyberbullying 
VI. Chapter Summary 

Chapter 8  Natural Law Ethics 
Mark Murphy

Chapter 9  Rights Ethics 
Leif Wenar

Chapter 10 Virtue Ethics 
Mark Curtis-Thames
I. Virtue Theories as Decision-Making Tools 
II. Building a Virtue-Theory Tool for Ethical Evaluation 

Chapter 11 Rhetorical Setting 
Shaun Duke and Prabin Lamabut
 I. Understanding Rhetorical Situations 
Rhetorical Listening 
Audience 
Purpose 
Context 
Context Questions 
Exercise 11A Identifying Audience, Purpose, and Context 
 II. Analyzing Rhetoric 
Interpreting Audience 
Identifying Purpose 
Understanding Context 
Exercise 11B Beginning Rhetorical Analyses 

Chapter 12 Rhetorical Analysis 
Shaun Duke and Prabin Lamabut
I. What is Rhetoric? 
Classical Rhetoric 
The Five Canons of Rhetoric 
Modern Rhetoric 
Our Definition 
Exercise 12A Rhetoric in Your Everyday Life 
II. What are Arguments? 
Argumentative Components 
Exercise 12B Argument, Fact, or Fight 
 III. Why Rhetoric and Arguments Matter Today 

Chapter 13 Power & Ethics 
Benfari et al., 1986

Chapter 14 Moral Reasoning 
Shaun Duke and Prabin Lamabut
I. Common Fallacies 
Ad hominem 
Equivocation 
Non Sequitur 
Argument from Ignorance 
Reductio ad Hitlerum 
Argumentum ad Populum 
False Dilemma 
Slippery Slope 
Special Pleading 
Straw Man 
Tu quoque 
Hasty Generalization 
Red Herring 
Circular Reasoning 
Exercise 14A Identifying Basic Fallacies 
Exercise 14B Identifying Complex Fallacies 
II. Reasoning and Cognitive Bias 
Confirmation Bias 
Exercise 14C Comparing Searches to Avoid Confirmation Bias 
Echo Chambers 
Exercise 14D Identifying Echo Chambers in Social Media 
Loaded Language 
Exercise 14E Identifying Loaded Language in Arguments 
III. Bad Faith Behavior 
Sealioning/Just Asking Questions 

Chapter 15 Fiduciary Responsibility 
James C. Raines
I. Types of Duties 
Box 15.1 The Karen Beyer Story 
II. Types of Fiduciary Relationships 
III. Who is the Client?
IV. Stakeholders 
V. Chapter Summary 

Bibliography