Reimagined Policing in the Age of Reform
Edition: 1
Copyright: 2023
Pages: 192
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The book is suitable for use in college level policing special topics or seminar courses at both the undergraduate and graduate levels. Police practitioners desiring to gain insight about police reform from divergent perspectives will also benefit from the book. Likewise the book would be an excellent guide for those involved in shaping public safety policy. Finally, the book is appropriate for the reader who just wants to learn about police reform and what reimagined policing might look like.
Editors/Contributors
Preface
CHAPTER 1 Police Perspectives on Racial Profiling
Michael Birzer Wichita State University Introduction
The Framework
The Accusation of Racial Profiling
Theme: Effective Communication
Theme: Intimidation
It’s the Car I Drive
Proactive Policing
The Real Reason for the Stop
The Pretext Stop
Racial Profiling Training
Theme: Interactive Training
Solutions
Theme: Positive Interaction
Theme: Education
Discussion
Future Directions
Training
Personal Stop Audits
Using Diligence in the Pretext Stop
What Happened to Community Oriented Policing?
Conclusion
References
CHAPTER 2 Police Recruitment and Retention Reimagined
Lemuel Moore Wichita Police Department Introduction
Buy-In Community and Upper Management
Diversity, Inclusion, Equity
Recruiting Process
Marketing and Advertising
Application Process
CHAPTER 3 Evolving Trends in Police Training
Lemuel Moore Wichita Police Department Introduction
Community Involvement
Training Time
Police Academy
Police Standards and Training Requirements
Implementation Pros and Cons
Field Training Officer Programs
Training Records
Conclusion
CHAPTER 4 The Intersectionality of Race and Policing History Matters: A Historical Trauma Approach
Denise Nation Winston-Salem State University Introduction
The Historical Color of Policing—A Brief Overview
The Color of Slavery and Historical Trauma
Historical Racial Trauma and Race-Based Stress Trauma Perspectives
Theoretical Strategy in Policing: A Neglected Element of Police Reform
Conclusion
References
CHAPTER 5 Community Policing Done the Right Way
Hassan Ramzah University of Nebraska-Lincoln The Inception of Community Policing
Challenges to Community Policing Implementation
Establishing Legitimacy
Police–Citizen Engagement
Problem-Solving and Citizen Satisfaction
Other Considerations for Implementing Community Policing
Conclusion
References
CHAPTER 6 Building Community Trust
John Eterno Molloy University Recent Policing Methods
Crime Control Versus Due Process
Styles of Policing
Motivations of Individual Officers
Why Build Community Trust?
How to Build Community Trust
References
CHAPTER 7 Policing With Purpose: A Continuing Journey to Officer Wellness and Safety
Shawn Reynolds City of Temple, Texas Police Department Reimagining Police–Community Relations
Remembering Our History
Violence Is Real
The Power of Purpose
Officer Wellness and Safety
Re-Imagining Policing
Spirituality
Physical
Mental
Emotional
Endnotes
CHAPTER 8 Trauma-Informed Policing
Lionel Latouche Equal Justice USA Introduction
This Is Trauma
Why Trauma and Trust
The Beginning Days
A Deeper Look
The Goal
Looking Ahead
References
CHAPTER 9 Reshaping Police Culture
Cliff Roberson Washburn University Elena Azaola Center for Advanced Studies and Research in Social Anthropology (Mexico) Introduction to Police Culture
Police Subculture
What Is Police Culture?
Varieties of Police Misconduct
Excessive Use of Force
Civil Rights Violations
False Arrest
Malicious Prosecution
Failure to Report Misconduct by Fellow Officers
Code of Silence
Impact on Individual Officers
Issues With Police Culture
Police Culture Can Block Reform
Using the Military as Police
Measures to Foster Ethical Policing
Don’t Defund—Change
Endnotes
Chapter 10 The Past, Present, and Future of Qualified Immunity
John J. Francis Washburn University School of Law Introduction
The Origins and Evolution of Qualified Immunity
Government Liability for Civil Rights Violations
20th-Century Approach to Civil Rights Claims
Defenses for the Regime of Qualified Immunity
Critiques of Qualified Immunity
Indemnification
Proposals for the Future
Eliminating Qualified Immunity
More Modest Proposals
Conclusion
References
Chapter 11 Use of Force in the 21st Century
Carl Lemons Wichita Police Department Introduction
History of Use of Force
Use of Force
Application of Force
Training of Use of Force
Conclusion
References
Chapter 12 Three Critical Steps Toward Police Reform
Mark McCormick American Civil Liberties Union of Kansas Introduction
Increasing Police Transparency
Overhauling Police Culture
Narrowing Police Responsibilities
Conclusion
Endnotes
Chapter 13 To Fund or Defund the Police
Cassandra Scott Alabama A&M University Introduction
Policing in BIPOC Communities Does Not Work
Where Did Defund the Police Originate?
Why Is Defunding the Police Important to Social Work?
Social Work’s Policy Brief on Defunding the Police
The Argument for Defunding the Police by Fiscal Reallocation
Why Defunding the Police by Funding Reallocation May Not Work
Responses to Policing in BIPOC Communities
Realistically Envisioning the Future
Conclusion and Implications for Practice
Endnote
References
Case Study: The Perception of Policing by a BIPOC Individual Cassandra Scott Alabama A&M University References
Chapter 14 Police Response to Persons With Mental Illness
Thomas Skinner University of Kansas Introduction
The Deinstitutionalization of Persons With Mental Illness
Anxiety and Depression
Current Infrastructure
Responding to a Mental Health Crisis
Empathetic Listening
Other Department-Level Interventions
Conclusion
References
Chapter 15 Helping Fraud Victims: The Role of Police in Combating Cyber-Enabled Financial Crime
Yumi E. Suzuki Wichita State University Introduction
Scams
Identity Fraud
Reporting Scams and Identity Fraud
Financial Institutions
Law Enforcement
Consumer Agencies
The Legal and Emotional Burden on Fraud Victims
Reimagined Police Response to Cyber-Enabled Fraud Cases
Establish Services Designed for Fraud Victims
Partner With Local Organizations for Unified and Consistent Policy for Fraud Cases
Train Personnel for Cyber-Enabled Fraud Investigations
Conclusions
References
Michael Birzer is a professor of Criminal Justice at Wichita State University. He specializes in biased based policing, police operations, and evidence based police practices. Professor Birzer provides training and operational guidance to police agencies on a regular basis. Birzer was the 2016 recipient of the Wichita State University President’s Venture award for his proposal to bring the Wichita/Sedgwick County Law Enforcement Training Center to campus, where it sits today. He has published 14 books on policing and criminal justice, and over 75 scholarly journal articles and technical reports. Prior to entering academia, he served in law enforcement retiring at the rank of lieutenant from the Sedgwick County Sheriff’s Department.
Lemuel Moore, a deputy police chief, was a 31.5-year veteran of the Wichita Police Department beginning his career in January of 1991, after serving several years in the United States Marine Corps Reserve. He attended the WPD Law Enforcement Training Academy. He served as a beat officer for 5 years and was eventually selected to be a Drug Abuse Resistance Education (DARE) and School Liaison Officer, as well as a Community Affairs Coordinator. As an officer he also served in the role of a Missing and Abducted Children Investigator.
In June of 2002, Lem was promoted to the rank of Detective and worked in multiple sections such as the Undercover Narcotic Section, the Financial Crimes Unit, and the Exploited and Missing Child Unit. In November of 2005, Lem was promoted to the rank of Sergeant. While at that rank he also served in different capacities as a Special Event Coordinator, a Professional Standard’s supervisor, and an In-Service Training Coordinator. In April of 2014, Lem was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant and was assigned as a 3rd Watch/Special Community Action Team (SCAT) Commander. After serving in that position, he was then transferred to the Wichita Sedgwick County Law Enforcement Training Center to instruct three police recruit classes. On April 1, 2017, Lem was promoted to the rank of Captain. He was assigned as the Bureau Commander for Technical Services and Property Crimes, before being transferred to be the commander of the Patrol North Field Services Bureau.
Lem was promoted to the rank of Deputy Chief on January 8, 2022, and currently commands the Administrative/Support Services Division. On March 1, 2022, Lemuel became the Interim Chief of the Wichita Police Department until he retired on September 30, 2022. Lem has a Bachelor’s Degree in Business Administration from Tabor College and a Master’s degree in Public Administration from Wichita State University.