Research Methods in Psychology
Edition: 3
Copyright: 2022
Pages: 370
Edition: 3
Copyright: 2022
Pages: 370
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Research Methods in Psychology is an accessible and exciting textbook that introduces students to the various principles of research methodology and design in psychological research. The ultimate goal of the textbook is to encourage each student to gain a basic understanding of the scientific process
involved in conducting psychological research. Further, students will develop the knowledge and skills needed to be successful in their undergraduate and graduate pursuits as well as to be competitive for graduate programs and knowledgeable psychology professionals.
Research Methods in Psychology is organized into fourteen chapters, covering the various methodological approaches to psychological research as well as providing students with the skills and knowledge to engage in any of the methodological approaches and the understanding to know the advantages and disadvantages of each. Each chapter introduces students to essential information about the various research methods and the applications of these approaches to psychological research. At the end of each chapter are end-of-chapter quizzes so students may evaluate their grasp of the content. Each chapter also includes homework assignments that encourage students to further evaluate their knowledge and skills as well as provide them with hands-on experience with the methodological approaches introduced in the chapter.
Chapters explore topics such as:
- Understanding of Research in the Media
- Ethics in Research
- Conducting Literature Reviews
- Designing Research Studies
- Nonexperimental and Experimental Research Approaches
- Descriptive and Inferential Statistics
- An Introduction to Statistical Packages
- Writing Manuscripts Using APA Style
- Presenting and Publishing Research
- Understanding Graduate Study in Psychology
Chapter 1: Research Methods in the Real World
Research in the Media
The Status of Psychology as a Science
Rational vs. Empirical Approaches
Soft Science vs. Hard Science: What Makes Something a Science?
What about Pseudosciences?
Importance of Scientific Study
The Objectives of Science
Concluding Remarks
References
End of Chapter Quiz
Homework Assignment #1
Homework Assignment #2
Chapter 2: Overview of Research Methods
Two Ways to Understand Behavior
Nonexperimental Research Methods
Case Study
Observation
Survey Research
Correlational Research
Quasi-experiments
Archival Research
True Experiments
Experiment Designs
Extraneous Variables
Developmental Methods
Types of Validity
Statistical validity
Construct validity
Criterion-related validity
Face validity
Controlling Experimenter or Subject Bias
Replication
Types of Replications
Concluding Remarks
References
End of Chapter Quiz
Homework Assignment #1
Homework Assignment #2
Homework Assignment #3
Homework Assignment #4
Chapter 3: Ethics in Research
Plagiarism
Authorship Ethics
Ethics in Selecting a Research Design
Basic Ethical Guidelines
Use of Deception
Use of Unobtrusive Measures
Confidentiality
Concluding Remarks
References
End of Chapter Quiz
Homework Assignment #1
Homework Assignment #2
Homework Assignment #3
Chapter 4: Nonexperimental Methods: Part I
A General Overview of Observation
Nonexperimental Methods
Case Studies
Potential Concerns with Case Studies
Observational Research
Naturalistic Observational Research
Laboratory Observational Research
Obtrusive or Unobtrusive Observation
Participant Observation
Final Notes about Observational Research
Survey Research
Constructing Your Survey
Administering Your Survey
Face-to-face interviews
Over-the-phone interviews
Written Questionnaires
Final thoughts on surveys
Concluding Remarks
References
End of Chapter Quiz
Homework Assignment #1
Homework Assignment #2
Chapter 5: Nonexperimental Methods: Part II
Correlational Research
Understanding the Correlation
Scatterplots
Contents v Correlations ≠ Causation
Final Thoughts on Correlational Research
Quasi-Experiments
Archival Research
Meta-Analysis
Nonexperimental Research Techniques: A Review
Concluding Remarks
References
End of Chapter Quiz
Homework Assignment #1
Homework Assignment #2
Chapter 6: True Experiments: Between-Subject Designs
Advantages of Using a Between-Subjects Design
Disadvantages of Between-Subject Designs
Importance of Variance
Importance of Equal Groups
Factors Leading to Unequal Groups
Assignment Bias
Differential Attrition
Diffusion of Treatment
Compensatory Equalization
Compensatory Rivalry
Resentful Demoralization
How to Make Groups Equal
Concluding Remarks
End of Chapter Quiz
Homework Assignment #1
Chapter 7: True Experiments: Within-Subject Designs
Advantages of Using a Within-Subjects Design
Potential Problems with Using Within-Subject Designs
Carryover Effects
Controlling Carryover Effects
Subject-by-Subject Counterbalancing
Reverse counterbalancing
Block randomization
Across-Subjects Counterbalancing
Complete counterbalancing
Partial counterbalancing
Randomized partial counterbalancing
Latin-square counterbalancing
Balanced Latin-square counterbalancing
Testing for Order Effects
Summary of When to Use Within-Subjects Design
Mixed-Factor Designs
Concluding Remarks
End of Chapter Quiz
Homework Assignment #1
Homework Assignment #2
Chapter 8: Descriptive Statistics
Scales of Measurement
Measures of Central Tendency
Measures of Dispersion
Correlations
Primary Limitations of Correlations
Types of Correlations
The Normal Distribution
Concluding Remarks
End of Chapter Quiz
Homework Assignment #1
Chapter 9: Inferential Statistics
How to Utilize Inferential Statistics
Types of t-tests
Analysis of Variance
Evaluating Main Effects and Interactions
ANOVA example #1
ANOVA example #2
Writing Statistics
Effect Size
Partial Eta Squared ( 2 p)
Cohen’s d
Concluding Remarks
References
End of Chapter Quiz
Homework Assignment
Homework Assignment #1
Homework Assignment #2
Chapter 10: An Introduction to Statistical Packages
Data Files
Setting up your data file—a general overview
Final thoughts on data files
Using Statistical Packages
Between-Subjects Data Sets
Follow up t-tests
Within-Subjects Data Sets
Follow up t-tests
Mixed-Factor Data Sets
Follow up t-tests
Concluding Remarks
End of Chapter Quiz
Homework Assignment #1
Chapter 11: Starting Psychological Research
What Should I Research?
Specific Steps When Conducting Research
Exploring the Literature
The How and Why of the Literature Review
Where to Find Research?
How Do I Actually Write This Paper?!
Concluding Remarks
End of Chapter Quiz
Homework Assignment #1
Homework Assignment #2
Chapter 12: Writing Using APA Style
APA-Style Manuscripts vs. Published Articles
Student Papers vs. Professional Papers
The History of APA Style
Major Parts to an APA-Style Research Manuscript
General Rules of APA Style
The Title Page: Professional Paper/Research Manuscript
The Title Page: Student Paper
The Abstract
The Introduction Section
The Method Section
The Participants Section
The Design Section
The Apparatus Section
The Materials Section
The Procedure Section
Writing the Method Section
The Results Section
The Discussion Section
The Reference Section
Tables and Figures
Common Writing Errors
Concluding Remarks
End of Chapter Quiz
Bad APA-style Manuscript
Chapter 13: Presenting and Publishing Research
How to Disseminate Your Research
Conferences
Getting Your Research Published
Writing Up Your Research
The Review Process
How Long Is the Complete Publication Process?
Other Aspects of the Review Process
Concluding Remarks
End of Chapter Quiz
Homework Assignment #1
Chapter 14: Graduate Study in Psychology
Majoring in Psychology
Job’s with a Bachelor’s Degree in Psychology
Applying for Graduate Study in Psychology
Types of Psychology Programs
What to Expect in Graduate School
Concluding Remarks
End of Chapter Quiz
Homework Assignment #1
Appendix 1 Sample APA Manuscript
Appendix 2 Sample Journal Cover Letter
Appendix 3 Sample Curriculum Vitae
Glossary
Index
New Third Edition Now Available!
Research Methods in Psychology is an accessible and exciting textbook that introduces students to the various principles of research methodology and design in psychological research. The ultimate goal of the textbook is to encourage each student to gain a basic understanding of the scientific process
involved in conducting psychological research. Further, students will develop the knowledge and skills needed to be successful in their undergraduate and graduate pursuits as well as to be competitive for graduate programs and knowledgeable psychology professionals.
Research Methods in Psychology is organized into fourteen chapters, covering the various methodological approaches to psychological research as well as providing students with the skills and knowledge to engage in any of the methodological approaches and the understanding to know the advantages and disadvantages of each. Each chapter introduces students to essential information about the various research methods and the applications of these approaches to psychological research. At the end of each chapter are end-of-chapter quizzes so students may evaluate their grasp of the content. Each chapter also includes homework assignments that encourage students to further evaluate their knowledge and skills as well as provide them with hands-on experience with the methodological approaches introduced in the chapter.
Chapters explore topics such as:
- Understanding of Research in the Media
- Ethics in Research
- Conducting Literature Reviews
- Designing Research Studies
- Nonexperimental and Experimental Research Approaches
- Descriptive and Inferential Statistics
- An Introduction to Statistical Packages
- Writing Manuscripts Using APA Style
- Presenting and Publishing Research
- Understanding Graduate Study in Psychology
Chapter 1: Research Methods in the Real World
Research in the Media
The Status of Psychology as a Science
Rational vs. Empirical Approaches
Soft Science vs. Hard Science: What Makes Something a Science?
What about Pseudosciences?
Importance of Scientific Study
The Objectives of Science
Concluding Remarks
References
End of Chapter Quiz
Homework Assignment #1
Homework Assignment #2
Chapter 2: Overview of Research Methods
Two Ways to Understand Behavior
Nonexperimental Research Methods
Case Study
Observation
Survey Research
Correlational Research
Quasi-experiments
Archival Research
True Experiments
Experiment Designs
Extraneous Variables
Developmental Methods
Types of Validity
Statistical validity
Construct validity
Criterion-related validity
Face validity
Controlling Experimenter or Subject Bias
Replication
Types of Replications
Concluding Remarks
References
End of Chapter Quiz
Homework Assignment #1
Homework Assignment #2
Homework Assignment #3
Homework Assignment #4
Chapter 3: Ethics in Research
Plagiarism
Authorship Ethics
Ethics in Selecting a Research Design
Basic Ethical Guidelines
Use of Deception
Use of Unobtrusive Measures
Confidentiality
Concluding Remarks
References
End of Chapter Quiz
Homework Assignment #1
Homework Assignment #2
Homework Assignment #3
Chapter 4: Nonexperimental Methods: Part I
A General Overview of Observation
Nonexperimental Methods
Case Studies
Potential Concerns with Case Studies
Observational Research
Naturalistic Observational Research
Laboratory Observational Research
Obtrusive or Unobtrusive Observation
Participant Observation
Final Notes about Observational Research
Survey Research
Constructing Your Survey
Administering Your Survey
Face-to-face interviews
Over-the-phone interviews
Written Questionnaires
Final thoughts on surveys
Concluding Remarks
References
End of Chapter Quiz
Homework Assignment #1
Homework Assignment #2
Chapter 5: Nonexperimental Methods: Part II
Correlational Research
Understanding the Correlation
Scatterplots
Contents v Correlations ≠ Causation
Final Thoughts on Correlational Research
Quasi-Experiments
Archival Research
Meta-Analysis
Nonexperimental Research Techniques: A Review
Concluding Remarks
References
End of Chapter Quiz
Homework Assignment #1
Homework Assignment #2
Chapter 6: True Experiments: Between-Subject Designs
Advantages of Using a Between-Subjects Design
Disadvantages of Between-Subject Designs
Importance of Variance
Importance of Equal Groups
Factors Leading to Unequal Groups
Assignment Bias
Differential Attrition
Diffusion of Treatment
Compensatory Equalization
Compensatory Rivalry
Resentful Demoralization
How to Make Groups Equal
Concluding Remarks
End of Chapter Quiz
Homework Assignment #1
Chapter 7: True Experiments: Within-Subject Designs
Advantages of Using a Within-Subjects Design
Potential Problems with Using Within-Subject Designs
Carryover Effects
Controlling Carryover Effects
Subject-by-Subject Counterbalancing
Reverse counterbalancing
Block randomization
Across-Subjects Counterbalancing
Complete counterbalancing
Partial counterbalancing
Randomized partial counterbalancing
Latin-square counterbalancing
Balanced Latin-square counterbalancing
Testing for Order Effects
Summary of When to Use Within-Subjects Design
Mixed-Factor Designs
Concluding Remarks
End of Chapter Quiz
Homework Assignment #1
Homework Assignment #2
Chapter 8: Descriptive Statistics
Scales of Measurement
Measures of Central Tendency
Measures of Dispersion
Correlations
Primary Limitations of Correlations
Types of Correlations
The Normal Distribution
Concluding Remarks
End of Chapter Quiz
Homework Assignment #1
Chapter 9: Inferential Statistics
How to Utilize Inferential Statistics
Types of t-tests
Analysis of Variance
Evaluating Main Effects and Interactions
ANOVA example #1
ANOVA example #2
Writing Statistics
Effect Size
Partial Eta Squared ( 2 p)
Cohen’s d
Concluding Remarks
References
End of Chapter Quiz
Homework Assignment
Homework Assignment #1
Homework Assignment #2
Chapter 10: An Introduction to Statistical Packages
Data Files
Setting up your data file—a general overview
Final thoughts on data files
Using Statistical Packages
Between-Subjects Data Sets
Follow up t-tests
Within-Subjects Data Sets
Follow up t-tests
Mixed-Factor Data Sets
Follow up t-tests
Concluding Remarks
End of Chapter Quiz
Homework Assignment #1
Chapter 11: Starting Psychological Research
What Should I Research?
Specific Steps When Conducting Research
Exploring the Literature
The How and Why of the Literature Review
Where to Find Research?
How Do I Actually Write This Paper?!
Concluding Remarks
End of Chapter Quiz
Homework Assignment #1
Homework Assignment #2
Chapter 12: Writing Using APA Style
APA-Style Manuscripts vs. Published Articles
Student Papers vs. Professional Papers
The History of APA Style
Major Parts to an APA-Style Research Manuscript
General Rules of APA Style
The Title Page: Professional Paper/Research Manuscript
The Title Page: Student Paper
The Abstract
The Introduction Section
The Method Section
The Participants Section
The Design Section
The Apparatus Section
The Materials Section
The Procedure Section
Writing the Method Section
The Results Section
The Discussion Section
The Reference Section
Tables and Figures
Common Writing Errors
Concluding Remarks
End of Chapter Quiz
Bad APA-style Manuscript
Chapter 13: Presenting and Publishing Research
How to Disseminate Your Research
Conferences
Getting Your Research Published
Writing Up Your Research
The Review Process
How Long Is the Complete Publication Process?
Other Aspects of the Review Process
Concluding Remarks
End of Chapter Quiz
Homework Assignment #1
Chapter 14: Graduate Study in Psychology
Majoring in Psychology
Job’s with a Bachelor’s Degree in Psychology
Applying for Graduate Study in Psychology
Types of Psychology Programs
What to Expect in Graduate School
Concluding Remarks
End of Chapter Quiz
Homework Assignment #1
Appendix 1 Sample APA Manuscript
Appendix 2 Sample Journal Cover Letter
Appendix 3 Sample Curriculum Vitae
Glossary
Index