Rhetoric and Arguments: A Primer in Ethical Reasoning
Edition: 1
Copyright: 2021
Pages: 205
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The goal of Rhetoric and Arguments: A Primer in Ethical Reasoning is to introduce students to the fundamentals of rhetoric and argumentation. Additionally, students will learn how to apply these concepts to everyday life, whether in their college classes, their job, or their personal life. The journey, however, will not stop there. While learning the basics is essential to any introductory argument publication, it is equally important to focus on some of the communication issues that exist in our contemporary moment by teaching methods for addressing them.
Rhetoric and Arguments: A Primer in Ethical Reasoning includes:
- learning to understand rhetoric
- basic and advanced argumentation
- reasoning and deduction
- ethical research practices and much more
Chapter 1 An Introduction to Rhetoric and Arguments
I.What is Rhetoric?
Classical Rhetoric
The Five Canons of Rhetoric
Modern Rhetoric
Our Definition
Exercise 1A Rhetoric in Your Everyday Life
II. What are Arguments?
Argumentative Components
Exercise 1B Argument, Fact, or Fight
III. Why Rhetoric and Arguments Matter Today
Chapter 2 Rhetoric and Reading Rhetorically
I. Understanding Rhetorical Situations
Rhetorical Listening
Audience
Purpose
Context
Context Questions
Exercise 2A Identifying Audience, Purpose, and Context
II. Analyzing Rhetoric
Interpreting Audience
Identifying Purpose
Understanding Context
Exercise 2B Beginning Rhetorical Analyses
Chapter 3 Visual Rhetoric
I. Visual Rhetoric and Analysis
Basic Visual Rhetoric Principles
Symbolism
Context
Questioning the Imagery
II. Analyzing Visuals
Color
Imagery
nclusions and Exclusions
Symbolism
Context
III. What Comes Next?
Exercise 3A Analyzing Visuals for Meaning
Chapter 4 Basic Arguments
I. Thesis Statements and Claims
Premises and Conclusions
Exercise 4A Identifying Premises and Conclusions
II. The Language of Arguments
Premise and Conclusion Indicators
Exercise 4B Identifying Premise and Conclusion Indicators
III. Reliable Premises and Conclusions: A Match Made in Argument
Audience Acceptance
Shared Relationships
Exercise 4C Identifying Reliable Premises
IV. Developing Thesis Statements
Exercise 4D Creating Your Own Thesis Statements
Chapter 5 Introducing and Concluding Arguments
I. Ways of Introducing Arguments
Identify the Context
Identify the Focus
Present Your Argument
Developing Introductions
Exercise 5A Practicing Introductions
II. Ways of Concluding Arguments
Return to the World
Offer Your Opinion
Ask a Question
Three Conclusion Methods
Exercise 5B Practicing Concluding Methods
III. Highlighting the Payoff: Why Should We Care?
Exercise 5C Identifying the “So What”
IV. Repetition with Purpose
V. Developing Concluding Paragraphs
Exercise 5D Writing Concluding Paragraphs
Chapter 6 Counterarguments
I. Recognizing Other Points of View
Exercise 6A Identifying Other POVs
II. Introducing Counterarguments
Counterargument Indicators
III. Developing Refutations and Identifying the Middle Ground
Refutations
Exercise 6B Developing Refutations
Accommodations
Exercise 6C Developing Accommodations
IV. Developing Counterargument Paragraphs
Exercise 6D Writing Counterarguments
Chapter 7 Identifying Fallacies and Other Reasoning Errors
I. Common Fallacies
Ad hominem
Equivocation
Non Sequitur
Argument from Ignorance
Reductio ad Hitlerum
Argumentum ad Populum
False Dilemma
Slippery Slope
Special Pleading
Straw Man
Tu quoque
Hasty Generalization
Red Herring
Circular Reasoning
Exercise 7A Identifying Basic Fallacies
Exercise 7B Identifying Complex Fallacies
II. Reasoning and Cognitive Bias
Confirmation Bias
Exercise 7C Comparing Searches to Avoid Confirmation Bias
Echo Chambers
Exercise 7D Identifying Echo Chambers in Social Media
Loaded Language
Exercise 7E Identifying Loaded Language in Arguments
III. Bad Faith Behavior
Sealioning/Just Asking Questions
Chapter 8 Developing Arguments
I. When You Already Have an Argument
Contextualize and Research Your Claim
Accept That You Might Be Wrong
Separating Yourself from the Crowd
Exercise 8A Contextualizing a Preexisting Claim
II. When You Don’t Know What to Argue
Find What Interests You
Arguments Don’t Have to Change the World
Research What You Don’t Know
Working within the Confines of the Prompt
Exercise 8B Developing Arguments from Nowhere
III. Structuring and Organizing Arguments
Outlines
Focus on Supporting the Main Claim
Arguments are Progressive (A→B→C)
Exercise 8C Developing an Outline
Chapter 9 Researching and Evaluating Sources
I. Researching a Topic
Identify What You Know and What You Don’t Know
Identify Your Focus
Finding Relevant Sources
Look for Multiple Sources
Take Notes on the Sources You’ve Found
Library Databases
Google
II. Evaluating Sources
Methods for Evaluating Evidence
Exercise 9A CRAAPing on Sources
III. Recognizing Fake News
Exercise 9B Identifying Unreliable Sources
IV. Lateral Reading
Exercise 9C Assessing Sources Using Lateral Reading
V. Annotated Bibliographies
Annotation Basics
Evaluating Source Credibility
Sample Annotation for One Source
Exercise 9D Writing an Annotation
Chapter 10 Integrating Sources
I. Balancing Evidence and Explanation
Exercise 10A Identifying Balanced Paragraphs
II. Weaving Sources Into Paragraphs
As a Grammatical Part of Your Sentence
A Paraphrased Sentence
After a Sentence Ending with a Colon
By Using Block Quotes
Exercise 10B Creating Woven Sentences
III. Quote Sandwiches
Exercise 10C Creating Quote Sandwiches