Science Changed the World
Edition: 2
Copyright: 2018
Pages: 794
Edition: 2
Copyright: 2018
Pages: 794
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Science Changed the World is an introductory survey that examines and promotes critical thinking about the origin, development, and impact of science from ancient times to the present. Publication of this historical survey of science marks another milestone in the steady growth of college history of science courses. Science Changed the World’s eleven chapters examine eleven themes that have dominated the emergence of science. They provide an integrated view of how science developed in different times and diverse cultures and offer a pathway to understanding the emergence and evolution of modern science and how science shaped modern society.
Science Changed the World has four objectives:
- To broadens students’ worldview and perspective by introducing them to the origin, growth, and impact of science on society. To neglect the history of science in discussing the history of global societies is to neglect the major force that has shaped and continues to shape our world.
- To make clear that science is a human activity or enterprise. People do science, science does not happen spontaneously.
- To show that science is dynamic, not static, and that science changes over time. Scientists are not infallible and neither are their ideas.
- To expose and eliminate misconceptions and erroneous beliefs that have crept into the sciences. Misconceptions and erroneous beliefs, once inserted in science, are difficult to remove and leave students with a false sense of historical and scientific truth.
Science Changed the World tells us how our modern scientific society has emerged.
Preface
Introductory
Objectives of the History of Science
Chapter 1: Introduction To The History Of Science: Its Language, Objectives, And Scope
Introduction
Science, Engineering, Technology, and the History of Science
Science and Religion
Three Different Approaches Used In Studying the History of Science
Philosophies of Science
Chapter Themes and Chronology of the History of Science
Other Themes
Conclusion
Review Questions
Chapter 2: Ancient Science: From Earliest Times to the Fall of Rome 476 AD
Introduction
Communication of Ancient Thought
Middle East and African Science and Engineering
Scientific World of the Greeks: The Beginning Of
Organization of Greek Science
Technology in Ancient Greece
Ancients and Their Environment
Science in the East
Science in Pre-Columbian North America
Science in Mesoamerica
Conclusion
Review Questions
Chapter 3: Science and Its Application in the Middle Ages 400-1400
Introduction
Rise of the Universities
Medieval Science and Medicine
Medieval Engineering
Medieval Living Conditions and Practical Science
Land and Water Transportation
Industrial Developments: The Environment, Textiles, Iron, and Printing
Conclusion
Review Questions
Chapter 4: Science in the Renaissance 1400-1600
Introduction
Leonardo Da Vinci
Nicolaus Copernicus and the Heliocentric Model of the Universe
Andreas Vesalius and the Foundation of Anatomy
Chemistry in Medicine: Iatrochemistry
Witchcraft and Vampires
Beginning of Metallurgy
Conclusion
Review Questions
Chapter 5: Scientific Revolution of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries 1600-1700
Introduction
Experimental Method
Galileo Galilei
Problem of Chemical Identity in Seventeenth-Century Chemistry
Studies on Air: Barometer and Air Pressure Experiments
Advances in Mathematics
Physics of Light
Establishment of Scientific Societies and Academies
Measuring Heat
Sound and Its Measurement
Revolution in Physiology: William Harvey, Circulation of the Blood
René Descartes and the Mechanical Philosophy
Theory of Universal Gravitation
Conclusion
Review Questions
Chapter 6: Physical and Life Sciences in the Eighteenth Century, the Enlightenment
Introduction
Theories of Combustion and the Discovery of Gases
Lavoisier and the Eighteenth-Century Revolution in Chemistry: Study of Composition
Introduction of the Metric System
Theories of Heat
Applications of Heat Energy, Development of Steam Power
Advances in Electrical Theory and Applications
Classification in Nature
Conclusion
Review Questions
Chapter 7: Darwin’s Century
Introduction
How Old Is Earth
How Old Is Humanity
Argument for Design in the Universe
Early Theories of Evolution
Geological Developments: Catastrophists and Uniformitarians
Evolution by Natural Selection
American Debate over Darwinism: Louis Agassiz and Asa Gray
Beginning of Genetics: Solving the Inheritance Problem
A New Theory of Evolution: Punctuated Equilibrium
Evidence Supporting Evolution
How Many Species Inhabit Earth
Evolution and Religion
Conclusion
Geological Charts
Review Questions
Chapter 8: Molecular Biology and the Double Helix
Introduction
Beginning of Genetics
Discovery of Proteins and Nucleic Acids
Use of X-Rays in Establishing Molecular Structure
Chemical Contributions to the Structure of DNA and RNA: Evidence That Nucleic Acid Was the Gene and Information Carrier
Discovering the Structure of DNA: X-Ray Diffraction, Models, Solving the Genetic Code
Human Genome Project
Developments in Cloning and Stem Cells
Conclusion
Review Questions
Chapter 9: Nineteenth-Century Physical Science
Introduction
Study of Light
Developments in Chemistry
Electrical Theory and Applications
Thermodynamics: The Study of Heat
Kinetic-Molecular Theory of Gases
Scientific Studies On Atmospheric and Water Pollution
Conclusion
Review Questions
Chapter 10: Twentieth-Century Physical Science
Introduction
Fundamental Breakthroughs in Physics and Chemistry
Search for Precise Atomic Weights
Electron: The Fundamental Electric Charge
Theories of Atomic Structure
Chemical Bond
Composition of the Nucleus
Development of Quantum Mechanics: Matrix Mechanics and Wave Mechanics
Spectroscopy and Chemical Bonds
Quantum Mechanics and Structure of the Nucleus
Search for Fundamental Particles
Conclusion
Review Questions
Chapter 11: Energy And The Environment: Conflict Or Compatibility
Introduction
Early Developments in Nuclear Fission
Manhattan Project: Controlling Nuclear Fission and Racing to Build the Bomb
German, Soviet, British, and Japanese Atomic Bomb Projects
Atomic Spy Scandals
Post War Nuclear Developments
Nuclear Fusion
Solar Energy as an Appropriate Alternative Technology
Wind Energy
Environment and Pollution
Conclusion
Review Questions
Epilogue
Bibliography
Index