Statistics for the Social Scientist
Edition: 1
Copyright: 2022
Pages: 142
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Statistics for the Social Scientist is designed for undergraduate social science majors. The book aims to simplify statistical concepts by breaking down complex topics into easy-to-understand techniques. This makes statistics accessible for students across various social science disciplines. Using a step-by-step method, the book guides learners through each statistical method and uses real-world social science applications. For those who may struggle with math, this book will help to build confidence and competence in using statistics effectively.
Chapter 1. The Basics
I Hate Math
How to Combat the I Hate Math Idea
Numbers, Numbers, Numbers
Chapter 2. The Research Process, Methods, and Data
Research
Methods
Hypothesis
Data
Chapter 3. Frequencies, Proportions, Percentages, Ratios, Rates, and Cross-Tabulation
Frequency Distributions
Proportions and Percentages
Ratios
Rates
Rate of Change
Cross-Tabulations
Chapter 4. Central Tendency
What is Central Tendency?
Mode
Median
Mean
Choosing the Mode, Median, or Mean
Weighted Mean
Chapter 5. Measures of Variability
What is Variability?
Range
Interquartile Range
Deviation
Variance
Standard Deviation
A Note on Samples and Populations
Index of Qualitative Variation
Chapter 6. Probability
What is a Probability?
Calculating a Probability
Converse Rule
Addition Rule
Multiplication Rule
Probability Distribution
Chapter 7. Samples and Populations
Samples versus Populations
Sampling Error
Symbols, Symbols, Symbols
Sampling Distribution of the Mean
Standard Error of the Mean
Confidence Intervals
Confidence Intervals with Proportions
Chapter 8. The Normal Curve
What is Normal Curve?
How to Read Appendix C
Appendix C Practice
Z-Scores
Chapter 9. The t-Tests
The t-Test
The t-Test for Independent Samples
Null and Research Hypotheses
Visualizing the t-Test
Type I and Type II Errors
Critical and Calculated Values
One-Tailed t-Test
One-Tailed t-Test Calculated
Two-Tailed t-Test Calculated
Effect Size
Adjustment for Unequal Variances
Proportions and t-Tests
Chapter 10. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA )
What Is the Difference Between a t-Test and ANOVA?
How to Calculate an ANOVA
Example Problem for ANOVA
Is the F Calculated Significant?
Post Hoc Analyses
Chapter 11. The Chi-Square (Nonparametric Statistics )
Chi-Square Tests
One-Way Chi-Square Test
Traditional Technique to Solve a Chi-Square
Table Technique to Solve a Chi-Square
Is the Chi-Square Significant?
The Two-Way Chi-Square Test
Traditional Technique to Solve a Chi-Square
Table Technique to Solve a Chi-Square
Is the Chi-Square Significant?
Effect Size for the Two-Way Chi-Square
Chapter 12. Correlation
What Is a Correlation?
Visualizing Correlations
Interpretation of a Correlation
How to Calculate a Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient
Example Problem for a Correlation
Is the Correlation Significant?
Partial Correlation
Example of a Partial Correlation
Is the Partial Correlation Significant?
Chapter 13. Simple Linear Regression Analysis
What Is a Simple Linear Regression?
Visualizing a Regression
Simple Linear Regression Calculation
Calculating a Simple Linear Regression from Scratch
Appendix A – Math Touchup
Appendix B – List of Formulas
Appendix C – The Percentage of the Area Under the Normal Curve
Appendix D – Critical Values of t
Appendix E – Critical Values of F
Appendix F – q (The Studentized Range Statistic at .05 and .01 (α ) Levels of Significance )
Appendix G – Critical Values of Chi-Square (χ2 )
Appendix H – Critical Values for Pearson’s Correlation (r )
References
Matthew D. Moore is an Associate Professor in the Department of Sociology, Criminology, and Anthropology at the University of Central Arkansas. He earned his Ph.D. from Iowa State University. His research focuses on cross-national criminology, social capital, and suicide, and he has published extensively on these topics.
Mark H. Heirigs is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Sociology and Criminology at the University of Montana. He received his Ph.D. in Sociology with a minor in Women’s and Gender Studies from Iowa State University. His research includes multiple areas such as psychopathy, recidivism, homicide, and suicide.