Teaching Physical Education

Dedication
Preface

CHAPTER 1 What Is Physical Education?
The Value and Purpose of Quality Physical Education
The Purpose of Quality Physical Education
Physically Educated–Physically Literate
Standards-Based Curriculum
Obesity
Characteristics of a Quality Physical Education Program
Content Standards in Physical Education
Standard One: (Demonstrates Competency in a Variety of Motor Skills and Movement Patterns)
Standard Two: (Applies Knowledge of Concepts, Principles, Strategies, and Tactics Related to Movement and performance)
Standard Three: (Demonstrates the Knowledge and Skills to Achieve and Maintain a Health-Enhancing Level of Physical Activity and Fitness)
Standard Four: (Exhibits Responsible Personal and Social Behavior That Respects Self and Others)
Standard Five: (Recognizes the Value of Physical Activity for Health, Enjoyment, Challenge, Self-expression, and/or Social Interactions)
Appropriate and Inappropriate Physical Education Practices
Curriculum
Movement Skills and Concepts
Fitness Concepts
Learning Domains
Success
Participation
The Benefits of Providing Students with a Quality Physical Education Program
Health
Academic
Lifestyle
Checking for Understanding
References/Suggested Readings

CHAPTER 2 History and Philosophies of Physical Education
Ancient History
The Renaissance and the Reformation
Cultural Changes
Educators of the Renaissance
Petrus Paulas Vergerius (1370–1444)
Vittorino da Feltre (1378–1446)
Educators of the Reformation
Martin Luther (1483–1546)
John Calvin (1509–1564)
Thomas Elyot (1490–1546)
The Age of Science and the Enlightenment
Scientists and Philosophers of the Period
Francis Bacon (1561–1626)
Galileo Galilei (1564–1642)
Isaac Newton (1642–1727)
Thomas Hobbes (1588–1679)
Rene Descartes (1596–1650)
Educators of the Period
Francois Rabelais (1483–1553)
Richard Mulcaster (1530–1611)
John Comenius (1592–1671)
John Locke (1632–1704)
Physical Educators
Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712–1788)
Johann Bernhard Basedow (1723–1790)
Johann Friedrich GutsMuths (1759–1839)
The Development of Physical Education through the Philosophical Position of the Body
Idealists from Germany
Immanuel Kant (1724–1804)
Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770–1831)
Applying Idealism in a Physical Education Setting
Educators of the Period
Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi (1746–1827)
Per Henrik Ling (1776–1839)
Franz Nachtegall (1777–1847)
Friedrich Ludwig Jahn (1778–1852)
Friedrich Wilhelm August Froebel (1782–1852)
Charles Follen (1795–1840)
Charles Beck (1798–1866)
Francis Lieber (1800–1872)
Philosophy
Traditional Philosophies in Physical Education
Realism
Idealism
Naturalism
Pragmatism
Existentialism
Ethics in Physical Education
Developing Your Own Philosophy
Checking for Understanding
References/Suggested Readings

CHAPTER 3 The Educator
Future/Advocacy
Administrators
Principal
Superintendent
School Board
Stakeholders
Community
Parents
Students
Collaboration
School Level
District Level
State Level
Regional Level
National Level
Accountability
Data Collection
Advocacy
Role Model
Professionalism
Analyzing Your Teaching
Checking for Understanding
References/Suggested Readings

CHAPTER 4 How We Influence Learning
Reflective Teaching
Lesson Design
Progression of Content
Curriculum Design
Assessing the Students
Behavior Management
Facilities and Equipment
Instructional Methodology
Teaching Styles
Direct Instruction
Command Style
Practice Style
Reciprocal Style
Self-Check Style
Inclusion Style
Indirect Styles
Guided Discovery Style
Convergent Style
Divergent Style
Learner Designed
Learner Imitated
Positive Learning Environment
Success For All Students
Checking For Understanding
References/Suggested Readings

CHAPTER 5 Content Analysis and Development
Curriculum
Factors Influencing Curriculum Development
Scope and Sequence
Elementary
Middle School
High School
Creating Curricular Assessments for Qualiity Physical Education
Curricular Models
Skill Theme Approach
Adventure Education
Outdoor Education
Teaching Games for Understanding
Sport Education
Fitness Wellness
Personal and Social Responsibility
Movement Analysis
Checking for Understanding
References/Suggested Readings

CHAPTER 6 Planning
Assessment
Objectives
Behavior
Condition
Criterion
Lesson Planning
Standards
National
State
Safety Considerations
Checking for Understanding
Equipment
Introduction
Explanation of Activity
Diagramming
Closure
Checking For Understanding
References/Suggested Readings

CHAPTER 7 Assessment
Purpose of Assessment
Formative Assessment
Summative Assessment
Psychomotor Assessment
Cognitive Assessment
Affective Assessment
Types of Assessment
Observation
Event Tasks
Journals
Portfolios
Exams
Skill Tests
Student Logs
Making Assessment Important
Establish Criteria
Simple Check Sheets and Rating Scales
Peer Assessments
Student Grading
Achievement
Improvement
Effort
Conduct
Checking for Understanding
References/Suggested Readings

CHAPTER 8 Designing the Activities within a Lesson
Getting Started
Grade-Level Appropriate
Developmentally Appropriate
Criteria for Creating an Activity
Developing the Activity
Purpose
Organization
Location
Students
Individual Activity
Partner Activity
Small Group Activity
Large Group Activity
Entire Class Activities
Time
Space
Equipment
Transitions
Safety
Redesigning the Lesson or Activities
Checking for Understanding
References/Suggested Readings

CHAPTER 9 Presentation of Material
Teachers’ Functions During Activity
Teaching Strategies
Students Attention
Procedures
Signals
Orientation
Checking for Understanding
Demonstrations
Use of Media
Learning Cues
Closure
Feedback
Descriptive
Prescriptive
Knowledge of Results
Knowledge of Performance
Student Motivation
Interest
Challenges
Internal versus External Motivation
Humor
Personal Interaction
Checking for Understanding
References/Suggested Readings

CHAPTER 10 Maintaining a Learning Environment
Behavior Management
What Is Behavioral Management?
Maintaining Appropriate Classroom Behavior
Positive & Proactive Approaches
Why be Proactive
Student Engagement
Teacher-Driven Difficulties
Identifying Behaviors
Expectations for Behavior
Types of Reinforcement
Differential Reinforcement
Teaching Styles Revisited
Command Style
Guided Discovery Style
Practice Style
Motivation
Learning Meaningful
Challenging Students While Maintaining Success
Creating Personal Interest for Each Student
Goal Setting
Handling Success and Failure
Culminating Activities
Maintaining Appropriate Classroom Behavior
Checking for Understanding
References/Suggested Readings

CHAPTER 11 Motor Learning & Motor Development
What is Motor Learning?
Understanding Motor Development Through Theoretical Approaches
Information Processing Model
Ecological Approach Model
Preparing Responses
Behavioral Theories
Degrees of Freedom
Early Theories
Neural Processes
Sensory Receptors
Brain
Stages of Learning
Fitts and Posner’s Three Stages of Learning
Cognitive/Novice Learner
Associative Learner
Autonomous Learner
Motion & Stability
Force Absorption
Stability and Balance
Early Motor Development
Constraints of Development
Checking for Understanding
References/Suggested Readings

CHAPTER 12 Adapted Physical Education
Introduction to Adapted Physical Education
Understanding Disabilities and Learning
Individualized Education Programs
Assessment Strategies
Communication Techniques to Promote Participation
Instructional Strategies for Ape
Peer Tutoring and Paraeducators
Inclusion/Integration
Historical Perspective
Adapting Activities
Creating Success
Intellectual Disabilities
Behavioral Disabilities
Autism Spectrum
Specific Learning Disabilities
National Standards for Ape
Checking for Understanding
References/Suggested Readings

CHAPTER 13 Educator Responsibilities
Role Model
Professionalism
Analyzing Your Teaching
Checking for Understanding
References/Suggested Readings