The hands-on use of Base 10 materials by students helps them learn the meaning of whole number operations as well as understand the algorithms by which mathematics is communicated.
For teachers, this text acts as a guide in this work by demonstrating how to use Base 10 materials to have students understand the conceptual development of the operations involved.
Utilizing a step-by-step process, the text then assists teachers in having students take the conceptual ideas involved and link them to the written algorithm for recording the work in the addition and subtraction of two 2-digit numbers.
For use in the classroom with students, teachers are given outlines of Initial Teaching Lesson Plans that address each operation to assist in implementing this hands-on approach to the use of Base 10 materials.
Francis Gardella
Dr. Frank Gardella has experience teaching middle school, high school and college mathematics as well as serving as a supervisor of mathematics from grades K to 12. At present, he is Associate Professor of Mathematics Education and Mathematics at Hunter College where he teaches practicing elementary teachers who wish to become specialists and leaders in elementary mathematics teaching and curriculum. He has authored more than ten textbooks and twenty articles on mathematics and its teaching. This present work is based on his more than 30 years of experience working with elementary teachers and elementary mathematics specialists in the classrooms of public schools having students understand the meaning of the algorithms that are used to express mathematics.