Writing About Literature: Step by Step

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Writing about Literature: Step by Step will help any writer produce organized and well-developed essays on literary topics. It introduces the elements of
fiction, poetry, and drama. Each chapter includes

  • a thorough, easy-to-understand discussion of a literary concept
  • step-by-step instructions on how to choose a topic and organize an essay
  • a diagram of the structure of a typical essay, including instructions on how to produce an effective introduction, a informative text, and
    a logical conclusion
  • student-written model essays that illustrate the suggested structure
  • a plan sheet and an evaluation form to guide the writer through the drafting process

A step-by-step approach takes the mystery out of the writing process. The guidelines and structural patterns included illustrate the basics of good writing: focus, structure, organization, and development. Mastering these skills is integral to writing effectively.

Acknowledgments 
Preface 
To the Instructor 
To the Student 
About the Author 

1 The Elements of Literature 
Overview 
The Creative Process and the Elements of Literature 
How to Read Literature 
Thinking Critically about Literature 
Worksheets
The Elements of Literature 
Plot Analysis Outline 

2 Writing about Literature 
Overview 
Planning and Writing an Essay of Literary Analysis 
Prewriting: Planning Your Essay 
Formulating Your Thesis 
Outlining Your Essay 
Understanding the Difference between Plot Summary and Analysis 
Finding Evidence 
Considering Your Audience 
Starting Your Draft : Choosing a Title 
Writing Your Introduction 
Writing Your Body Paragraphs 
Writing Effective Analysis: A Final Word 
Writing Your Conclusion 
Revising Your Draft 
Editing Your Draft 
Proofreading Your Manuscript 
Manuscript Form 
A Diagram of Essay Structure 
The Real Thing: The Complete Essay 
Worksheet
Character Analysis Essay Plan Sheet 
Model Essay 

3 Using Quotations and Documentation in Your Essays 
Overview 
Quoting and Documenting Your Sources 
Incorporating Quotations 
Using Textnotes/Parenthetical Documentation 
Works Cited Entries for Non-electronic Sources 
Works Cited Entries for Electronic Sources 

4 Character Analysis 
Overview 
Types of Characters 
Fictional Characters and Their Traits 
A Character’s Physical Appearance and Name 
A Character’s Actions 
A Character’s Choices 
A Character’s Speech 
A Character’s Thoughts and Feelings 
A Character’s Past 
A Character’s Comments about Other Characters 
A Narrator’s Comments about a Character 
Writing about Character: Step by Step 
Diagram of the Structure of a Character Analysis Essay 
Model Essays 
Worksheets
Character Analysis Essay Plan Sheet 
Peer/Self-Evaluation of a Character Analysis Essay 
Exercise on Analyzing Character 

5 Setting Analysis 
Overview 
Setting and Its Functions 
Setting and Probability 
Setting and Atmosphere 
Setting and Character 
Setting, Character, and the Journey Motif 
Setting and Theme 
Setting and Symbolism 
Setting and Unity 
Focusing on Setting 
Writing about Setting: Step by Step 
Diagram of the Structure of a Setting Analysis Essay 
Model Essays 
Worksheets
Setting Analysis Essay Plan Sheet 
Peer/Self-Evaluation of a Setting Analysis Essay 
Exercise on Setting 

6 Theme Analysis 
Overview 
An Explanation of Theme 
How Themes Emerge in a Work 
Our Response to Themes 
Writing about Theme: Step by Step 
Diagram of the Structure of a Theme
Analysis Essay 
Model Essays 
Worksheets
Theme Analysis Essay Plan Sheet 
Peer/Self-Evaluation of a Theme Analysis Essay 
Exercise on Theme 

7 Point of View Analysis
Overview 
Analysis of Point of View 
First-Person Participant Point of View 
Types of First-Person Point of View 
Character of the First-Person Narrator 
The Effects of First-Person Point of View 
Third-Person Nonparticipant Point of View 
Types of Third-Person Nonparticipant Point of View 
Writing about Point of View: Step by Step 
Diagram of the Structure of a Point of View Analysis Essay 
Model Essays 
Worksheets
Point of View Analysis Plan Sheet 
Peer/Self-Evaluation of a Point of View Analysis Essay 
Exercise on Point of View 

8 Symbolism Analysis 
Overview 
Understanding Symbolism 
Types of Symbolism 
Universal and Personal Symbols 
Clues to Symbolism 
Archetypal Symbolism 
Symbolism and Allegory 
Interpreting the Symbolism 
Finding the Symbolic Theme 
Writing about Symbolism: Step by Step 
Diagram of the Structure of a Symbolism Analysis Essay 
Model Essays 
Worksheets
Symbolism Analysis Plan Sheet 
Peer/Self-Evaluation of a Symbolism Analysis Essay 
Exercise of Symbolism 

9 Analyzing Poetry 
Overview 
Poets and Poems 
Types of Poems 
Poetry and Fiction 
Poetic Devices 
Organization in Poetry 
Symbolism in Poetry 
Imagery in Poetry 
Tone in Poetry 
Explicating Poetry 
Writing an Explication: Step by Step 
Diagram of the Structure of a Poetry Explication 
Model Essays 
Worksheets
Poetry Explication Plan Sheet 
Peer/Self-Evaluation of a Poetry Explication Essay 
Exercise on Explicating a Poem 

10 Imagery Analysis 
Overview 
Imagery and Its Effects 
Analyzing Imagery 
Imagery and Atmosphere or Mood 
Imagery and Emotion 
Imagery and Character 
Imagery and Theme 
Imagery’s Importance 
Writing about Imagery: Step by Step 
Diagram of the Structure of an Imagery Analysis Essay 
Model Essays 
Worksheets
Imagery Analysis Essay Plan Sheet 
Peer/Self-Evaluation of an Imagery Analysis Essay 
Exercise on Imagery 

11 Structural Analysis 
Overview 
Analyzing Structure 
Structure in Poetry 
Structure in Fiction 
Structure in Drama 
Writing about Structure: Step by Step 
Diagram of the Structure of a Structural Analysis Essay 
Model Essays
Worksheets
Structural Analysis Essay Plan Sheet 
Peer/Self-Evaluation of a Structural Analysis Essay 
Exercise on Structural Analysis 

12 Tone Analysis 
Overview 
The Importance of Tone 
Tone and Word Choice 
Tone, Imagery, and Figurative Language 
Tone and Symbolism 
Tone and Sentence Structure 
Describing Tone 
Analyzing Tone 
Recognizing Irony 
Functions of Tone 
Writing about Tone: Step by Step
Diagram of the Structure of a Tone Analysis Essay 
Model Essays 
Worksheets
Tone Analysis Essay Plan Sheet 
Peer/Self-Evaluation of a Tone Analysis Essay 
Exercise on Tone 

13 Writing an Extended Literary Analysis Essay 
Overview 
Choosing a Subject for an Extended Essay 
Planning an Extended Literary Analysis Essay 
Comparing/Contrasting: An Organizational Approach 
Writing an Extended Literary Analysis Essay: Step by Step 
Diagram of an Extended Literary Analysis Essay 
Model Essays 
Worksheets
Extended Literary Analysis Plan Sheet 
Peer/Self-Evaluation of an Extended Literary Analysis Essay 

14 Writing Literary Research Papers 
Overview 
Writing a Literary Research Paper: Step by Step 
Choosing Your Research Topic 
Building Your Bibliography 
Electronic Research and the Library 
Electronic Research and Your PC 
Doing Preliminary Reading 
Formulating Your Thesis and Taking Notes 
Writing a Draft of Your Paper 
Revising Your Draft 
Documenting Your Research 
Typing Your Manuscript 
Proofreading the Final Copy 
Diagram of the Structure of a Literary Research Paper 
Sample Essays 
Professional Example 
Worksheets
Literary Research Paper Plan Sheet 
Peer/Self Evaluation of a Literary Research Paper 

15 Taking Essay Examinations in Literature 
Overview 
Taking Essay Examinations: Step by Step 
Reading the Material 
Attending Class 
Taking Notes 
Arranging Adequate Study Time 
Developing Possible Test Questions and Responses 
Analyzing the Test Questions 
Writing Your Response 
Staying on the Subject 
Paragraphing Your Response 
Watching the Time 
Revising and Proofreading 
Analyzing the Results 
Model Essay Answers to Test Questions 
A Note on Taking Open-Book Exams 
Worksheets
Self-Evaluation of Preparation for Essay Exams 

16 This Is Not the End 
The Future Outlook 
A Brief Glossary of Literary Terms 

Index 

Patricia M Mckeague
Pat McKeague taught as a Professor of Communication and Literature at Moraine Valley College in Palos Hills, Illinois. In addition to teaching, she has directed the Honors Scholar Program and has published articles on honors programs in community colleges. She has also directed The Writing Center where she helped students develop their writing skills. In Writing about Literature: Step by Step, Pat effectively combines the principles of composition and literature to help students write better essays on literary topics. 

Writing about Literature: Step by Step will help any writer produce organized and well-developed essays on literary topics. It introduces the elements of
fiction, poetry, and drama. Each chapter includes

  • a thorough, easy-to-understand discussion of a literary concept
  • step-by-step instructions on how to choose a topic and organize an essay
  • a diagram of the structure of a typical essay, including instructions on how to produce an effective introduction, a informative text, and
    a logical conclusion
  • student-written model essays that illustrate the suggested structure
  • a plan sheet and an evaluation form to guide the writer through the drafting process

A step-by-step approach takes the mystery out of the writing process. The guidelines and structural patterns included illustrate the basics of good writing: focus, structure, organization, and development. Mastering these skills is integral to writing effectively.

Acknowledgments 
Preface 
To the Instructor 
To the Student 
About the Author 

1 The Elements of Literature 
Overview 
The Creative Process and the Elements of Literature 
How to Read Literature 
Thinking Critically about Literature 
Worksheets
The Elements of Literature 
Plot Analysis Outline 

2 Writing about Literature 
Overview 
Planning and Writing an Essay of Literary Analysis 
Prewriting: Planning Your Essay 
Formulating Your Thesis 
Outlining Your Essay 
Understanding the Difference between Plot Summary and Analysis 
Finding Evidence 
Considering Your Audience 
Starting Your Draft : Choosing a Title 
Writing Your Introduction 
Writing Your Body Paragraphs 
Writing Effective Analysis: A Final Word 
Writing Your Conclusion 
Revising Your Draft 
Editing Your Draft 
Proofreading Your Manuscript 
Manuscript Form 
A Diagram of Essay Structure 
The Real Thing: The Complete Essay 
Worksheet
Character Analysis Essay Plan Sheet 
Model Essay 

3 Using Quotations and Documentation in Your Essays 
Overview 
Quoting and Documenting Your Sources 
Incorporating Quotations 
Using Textnotes/Parenthetical Documentation 
Works Cited Entries for Non-electronic Sources 
Works Cited Entries for Electronic Sources 

4 Character Analysis 
Overview 
Types of Characters 
Fictional Characters and Their Traits 
A Character’s Physical Appearance and Name 
A Character’s Actions 
A Character’s Choices 
A Character’s Speech 
A Character’s Thoughts and Feelings 
A Character’s Past 
A Character’s Comments about Other Characters 
A Narrator’s Comments about a Character 
Writing about Character: Step by Step 
Diagram of the Structure of a Character Analysis Essay 
Model Essays 
Worksheets
Character Analysis Essay Plan Sheet 
Peer/Self-Evaluation of a Character Analysis Essay 
Exercise on Analyzing Character 

5 Setting Analysis 
Overview 
Setting and Its Functions 
Setting and Probability 
Setting and Atmosphere 
Setting and Character 
Setting, Character, and the Journey Motif 
Setting and Theme 
Setting and Symbolism 
Setting and Unity 
Focusing on Setting 
Writing about Setting: Step by Step 
Diagram of the Structure of a Setting Analysis Essay 
Model Essays 
Worksheets
Setting Analysis Essay Plan Sheet 
Peer/Self-Evaluation of a Setting Analysis Essay 
Exercise on Setting 

6 Theme Analysis 
Overview 
An Explanation of Theme 
How Themes Emerge in a Work 
Our Response to Themes 
Writing about Theme: Step by Step 
Diagram of the Structure of a Theme
Analysis Essay 
Model Essays 
Worksheets
Theme Analysis Essay Plan Sheet 
Peer/Self-Evaluation of a Theme Analysis Essay 
Exercise on Theme 

7 Point of View Analysis
Overview 
Analysis of Point of View 
First-Person Participant Point of View 
Types of First-Person Point of View 
Character of the First-Person Narrator 
The Effects of First-Person Point of View 
Third-Person Nonparticipant Point of View 
Types of Third-Person Nonparticipant Point of View 
Writing about Point of View: Step by Step 
Diagram of the Structure of a Point of View Analysis Essay 
Model Essays 
Worksheets
Point of View Analysis Plan Sheet 
Peer/Self-Evaluation of a Point of View Analysis Essay 
Exercise on Point of View 

8 Symbolism Analysis 
Overview 
Understanding Symbolism 
Types of Symbolism 
Universal and Personal Symbols 
Clues to Symbolism 
Archetypal Symbolism 
Symbolism and Allegory 
Interpreting the Symbolism 
Finding the Symbolic Theme 
Writing about Symbolism: Step by Step 
Diagram of the Structure of a Symbolism Analysis Essay 
Model Essays 
Worksheets
Symbolism Analysis Plan Sheet 
Peer/Self-Evaluation of a Symbolism Analysis Essay 
Exercise of Symbolism 

9 Analyzing Poetry 
Overview 
Poets and Poems 
Types of Poems 
Poetry and Fiction 
Poetic Devices 
Organization in Poetry 
Symbolism in Poetry 
Imagery in Poetry 
Tone in Poetry 
Explicating Poetry 
Writing an Explication: Step by Step 
Diagram of the Structure of a Poetry Explication 
Model Essays 
Worksheets
Poetry Explication Plan Sheet 
Peer/Self-Evaluation of a Poetry Explication Essay 
Exercise on Explicating a Poem 

10 Imagery Analysis 
Overview 
Imagery and Its Effects 
Analyzing Imagery 
Imagery and Atmosphere or Mood 
Imagery and Emotion 
Imagery and Character 
Imagery and Theme 
Imagery’s Importance 
Writing about Imagery: Step by Step 
Diagram of the Structure of an Imagery Analysis Essay 
Model Essays 
Worksheets
Imagery Analysis Essay Plan Sheet 
Peer/Self-Evaluation of an Imagery Analysis Essay 
Exercise on Imagery 

11 Structural Analysis 
Overview 
Analyzing Structure 
Structure in Poetry 
Structure in Fiction 
Structure in Drama 
Writing about Structure: Step by Step 
Diagram of the Structure of a Structural Analysis Essay 
Model Essays
Worksheets
Structural Analysis Essay Plan Sheet 
Peer/Self-Evaluation of a Structural Analysis Essay 
Exercise on Structural Analysis 

12 Tone Analysis 
Overview 
The Importance of Tone 
Tone and Word Choice 
Tone, Imagery, and Figurative Language 
Tone and Symbolism 
Tone and Sentence Structure 
Describing Tone 
Analyzing Tone 
Recognizing Irony 
Functions of Tone 
Writing about Tone: Step by Step
Diagram of the Structure of a Tone Analysis Essay 
Model Essays 
Worksheets
Tone Analysis Essay Plan Sheet 
Peer/Self-Evaluation of a Tone Analysis Essay 
Exercise on Tone 

13 Writing an Extended Literary Analysis Essay 
Overview 
Choosing a Subject for an Extended Essay 
Planning an Extended Literary Analysis Essay 
Comparing/Contrasting: An Organizational Approach 
Writing an Extended Literary Analysis Essay: Step by Step 
Diagram of an Extended Literary Analysis Essay 
Model Essays 
Worksheets
Extended Literary Analysis Plan Sheet 
Peer/Self-Evaluation of an Extended Literary Analysis Essay 

14 Writing Literary Research Papers 
Overview 
Writing a Literary Research Paper: Step by Step 
Choosing Your Research Topic 
Building Your Bibliography 
Electronic Research and the Library 
Electronic Research and Your PC 
Doing Preliminary Reading 
Formulating Your Thesis and Taking Notes 
Writing a Draft of Your Paper 
Revising Your Draft 
Documenting Your Research 
Typing Your Manuscript 
Proofreading the Final Copy 
Diagram of the Structure of a Literary Research Paper 
Sample Essays 
Professional Example 
Worksheets
Literary Research Paper Plan Sheet 
Peer/Self Evaluation of a Literary Research Paper 

15 Taking Essay Examinations in Literature 
Overview 
Taking Essay Examinations: Step by Step 
Reading the Material 
Attending Class 
Taking Notes 
Arranging Adequate Study Time 
Developing Possible Test Questions and Responses 
Analyzing the Test Questions 
Writing Your Response 
Staying on the Subject 
Paragraphing Your Response 
Watching the Time 
Revising and Proofreading 
Analyzing the Results 
Model Essay Answers to Test Questions 
A Note on Taking Open-Book Exams 
Worksheets
Self-Evaluation of Preparation for Essay Exams 

16 This Is Not the End 
The Future Outlook 
A Brief Glossary of Literary Terms 

Index 

Patricia M Mckeague
Pat McKeague taught as a Professor of Communication and Literature at Moraine Valley College in Palos Hills, Illinois. In addition to teaching, she has directed the Honors Scholar Program and has published articles on honors programs in community colleges. She has also directed The Writing Center where she helped students develop their writing skills. In Writing about Literature: Step by Step, Pat effectively combines the principles of composition and literature to help students write better essays on literary topics.